Sydney Walter Josland

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Sydney Walter Josland

Sydney Walter Josland (born in Christchurch, New Zealand on 30 January, 1904 and died in Lower Hutt near Wellington on 28 June, 1991) was a New Zealand bacteriologist who specialised in research into Leptospirosis and Salmonella.

Josland gained a Certificate of Proficiency in Bacteriology (he had started a medical degree but this was never completed) followed by a Bachelor of Music degree from the University of Otago in Dunedin and later a Bachelor of Arts degree from Victoria University of Wellington. He worked as a medical technician at the Dunedin Medical School during the 1920s.

Josland arrived in Upper Hutt near Wellington in 1929 to set up a biochemistry laboratory at the Wallaceville Animal Research Centre and later became Chief Bacteriologist at the Centre. He undertook post-graduate training in Adelaide, Australia in 1935 where he studied blood analysis techniques under Cedric Stanton Hicks (later Sir and Emeritus Professor of Human Physiology and Pharmacology at the University of Adelaide).

Before World War II Josland was a Captain in the Twenty-fifth (Wellington) Battalion of the New Zealand Territorials (his military career began in 1917 as a cadet). He had earlier trained in the First Battalion and the Second C Battalion of the Otago Regiment. Josland went to the Second World War in the Twenty-fifth Battalion (Third Echelon) of the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force and returned with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He served in Greece, Italy, the Middle East and North Africa. Josland was presented with the Efficiency Decoration by the Governor-General of New Zealand for his services to the New Zealand Army.

In 1954 Josland resigned from the Wallaceville Animal Research Centre to become Chief Bacteriologist at the National Health Institute, Department of Health, in Wellington where he continued to specialize in research into Leptospirosis and Salmonella. He made considerable contributions to the knowledge of these diseases and published twenty-eight articles about them in Australasian medical and scientific journals. Josland was the first to investigate the use of a vaccine to control Salmonellosis in sheep. He discovered an injection of formalised alum-precipitated Salmonella Typhi Murium vaccine resulted in low and inconsistent antibody response. Even though a greater number of vaccinated animals survived following challenge, compared to unvaccinated animals, he concluded that prophylactic vaccination was of little use. Josland was an Associate of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry and an Honorary Life Member of the New Zealand Association of Bacteriologists. From 1960 until his retirement in 1972 he taught science at Heretaunga College in Upper Hutt.

Josland played the organ and conducted the Upper Hutt Male Voice Choir. Whilst in Adelaide he became the Chief Organist at Adelaide Cathedral.

[edit] Published Articles

Josland, S. W., The Experimental Transmission of Salmonella Cholerare Suis Infection in Swine. New Zealand Department of Agriculture.
Josland, S. W., A Study of the Blood of Healthy Sheep and Cattle in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. XIV, No. 5, 1933, pp298-308.
Josland, S. W., The Effect of Pregnancy and Parturition on Some Blood and Urinary Constituents in the Ewe. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, March 1934, pp359-363.
Josland, S. W. and Lugg, J. W. H., A Note on the Colorimetric Estimation of Cobalt in Solution by Means of Nitroso-R-Salt. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science, Vol. 14, 1936.
Josland, S. W., The Effect of Feeding Cobalt to Rats. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 18, Oct. 1936, pp474-480.
Josland, S. W., Total Ash of Sheeps' Bones as an Index to Calcification. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 18, Jan. 1937, pp665-668.
Josland, S. W., The Effect of Feeding Excess of Cobalt to Healthy Sheep. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 19, 1937, pp31-37.
Askew, H. O. and Josland, S. W., The Rate of Excretion of Cobalt by Sheep After Drenching with Cobalt Chloride. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 18, May 1937, pp888-892.
Josland, S. W. and McNaught, K. J., Further Observations on the Production of Cobalt Polycythaemia in Rats. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 19, Feb. 1938, pp536-540.
Josland, S. W., Salmonellosis of Swine in New Zealand. Australian Veterinary Journal, Vol. 23, 1947, pp292-293.
Josland, S. W., The Identification of Salmonella with Special Reference to Serological Methods. Journal of the New Zealand Association of Bacteriologists, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1948, pp51-54.
Josland, S. W., A Note on the Use of Hydroquinone Enrichment Media for the Isolation of Salmonella. Journal of the New Zealand Association of Bacteriologists, Vol. 4, 1948, pp5-6.
Josland, S. W., Salmonellosis of Pigs. New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Wellington, New Zealand.
Josland, S. W., The Identification of S. Bovis Morbificans Infection in New Zealand. Journal of the New Zealand Association of Bacteriologists, Vol. 4, 1949, pp34-35.
Josland, S. W., Salmonella Infections of Animals in New Zealand. Australian Veterinary Journal, Vol. 26, 1950, pp249-253.
Josland, S. W., Survival of Salmonella Typhi Murium on Various Substances Under Natural Conditions. Australian Veterinary Journal, Vol. 27, 1951, pp264-266.
Josland, S. W., A Further Note on the Serological Identification of Salmonella Cultures. Journal of the New Zealand Association of Bacteriologists, Vol. 7, 1952, pp31-34.
Josland, S. W., Salmonella Types in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 51, 1952, pp180-184.
Josland, S. W., The Identification of Salmonella Saint Paul in New Zealand. Journal of the New Zealand Association of Bacteriologists, Vol. 8, 1953, pp3-5.
Josland, S. W., The Identification of Salmonella Senftenberg in New Zealand. Journal of the New Zealand Association of Bacteriologists, Vol. 8, 1953, pp22-24.
Josland, S. W., Observations on the Aetiology of Bovine and Ovine Salmonellosis in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Vol. 1, 1953, pp131-136.
Josland, S. W., Additional Salmonella Types in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 53, 1954, pp486-488.
Josland, S. W., The Immunogenic Properties of Salmonella Typhi Murium in Sheep. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Vol. 2, 1954, pp2-7.
Josland, S. W., The Infective and Immunogenic Properties of Salmonella Cholerae Suis in Weaner Pigs. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Vol. 2, 1954, pp41-46.
Josland, S. W., Additional Salmonella Types in New Zealand. III. New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 55 (306), Apr. 1956, pp139-140.
Allen, R. E., Cashmore, S., Josland, S. W. and Scott, H. M., Survey Work on Human Leptospirosis in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 56 (312), Apr. 1957, pp128-131.
Josland, S. W., Additional Salmonella Types in New Zealand. IV. New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 57 (318), Apr. 1958, pp155-156.
Josland, S. W. and Norris, D. M., Additional Salmonella Types in New Zealand. V. New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 58, Aug. 1958, pp504-506.

[edit] Bibliography

Jensen, H., Directory of New Zealand Science. The New Zealand Association of Scientific Workers, Wellington, New Zealand, 1962.
Josland, S. W., Poems 1941 - 1945. Puriri Press, Auckland, New Zealand, 2005. (ISBN 0-908943-29-6).
Kerslake, J. I., Salmonella Brandenburg in New Zealand Sheep: The Development of a Serological Diagnostic Test and a Case Control Study. A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Veterinary Studies at Massey University. University Thesis (M. V. Stud.), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, February, 2003.
Tenquist, J. D., Wallaceville Veterinary Laboratory: A History. MAF Technology, Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand, 1990. ISBN 0-447-08124-X .
Obituary. Upper Hutt Leader, September, 1991.