Switch hitter
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In baseball, a switch-hitter is a batter who is able to hit from both the right and left sides of the plate.
Switch-hitters are commonly taught to switch-hit at a young age, as learning to hit from the other side of the plate is often very difficult (but not impossible) to do after years of hitting exclusively from one side.
Usually, right-handed batters hit better against left-handed pitchers and vice-versa. So, a hitter who is competent from both sides of the plate can be an asset for a team and can cause a myriad of match-up problems for opposing pitchers and managers. This is usually one of three primary reasons many young players learn to switch-hit.
Secondly, a competent switch-hitter is less likely to be a part-time player. For instance, Dan is a right-handed hitter; George is a left-handed hitter. Both Dan and George are solid hitters, but they're also both first basemen who have difficulty playing other positions. The manager, knowing their defensive weaknesses, might choose to platoon Dan and George at first base. That is, having Dan start games only when the opposing starting pitcher is a left-hander, and only having George start games when the opposing starting pitcher is a right-hander. In this case, a first baseman who can hit from both sides of the plate would be a tremendous asset.
Thirdly, most curveballs, as opposed to screwballs, will break away from the hitter if he's batting on the same side of the pitcher, which is slightly harder to hit than if the ball is breaking towards him. A switch-hitter might hit from the same side a pitcher throws from in rare cases. Usually, it's either due to a pitcher historically dominating him, so the hitter might experiment by batting from the side the pitcher throws from to "throw off" or confuse the pitcher. A second reason might be because the pitcher throws the knuckleball, and the hitter feels that batting from the same side will give him a slight advantage. Of course, the theories on how to properly hit the knuckleball are incredibly varied.
Regardless of how well a switch-hitter can hit, he invariably hits better from one side as opposed to the other. Many switch-hitters often hit for a higher average from one side of the plate, yet have more power from the other. For instance, New York Yankees great Mickey Mantle always considered himself a better right-handed hitter, but he actually has more home runs batting left-handed. But it could be argued that this claim is misleading as many of Mantle's left-handed home runs were struck at Yankee Stadium, a park notorious for being very friendly to left-handed power hitters due to the short right field porch.
Switch-hitters tend to be overwhelmingly right-handed throwers, but there have been exceptions: Lance Berkman, Dave Collins, Doug Dascenzo, Vida Blue, Melky Cabrera. Nick Swisher and J.T. Snow (who in recent years has hit exclusively left-handed).
Switch-hitters are also very rare among pitchers, one notable exception being Carlos Zambrano.
[edit] Criticisms
It's rare for a switch hitter, even a great, Hall of Fame-caliber switch hitter, to post similar numbers (average, home runs, and RBI's,) from each side of the plate, which has led some to question whether switch-hitting is such an advantage after all. Some managers believe they are a necessary evil, essentially taking the position that switch-hitters are entirely different hitters from one side of the plate from the other and thus have different strengths and weaknesses.
There have been a few young switch-hitters who have been called up to the majors that were convinced (or told) to bat exclusively from one side of the plate, as switch-hitting can make an already complex task like hitting a baseball needlessly more complex. Mike Schmidt, the Philadelphia Phillies' Hall of Fame third baseman, is such an example. But on the other hand, the St. Louis Cardinals' Hall of Fame shortstop Ozzie Smith, originally a right-handed hitter, taught himself to bat left-handed in his late teens, and, although known as a defensive wizard, eventually became a .300 hitter.
[edit] Usage in popular culture
Switch hitter is one of the many forms of slang referring to bisexuality. The reference being that the person will "bat for either team", referring to males and females, alluding to no sexual preference gender-wise.
