Sumqayit

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Sumqayit is located about 30 kilometers (approximiately 20 miles) northwest of Azerbaijan's capital Baku, near the Caspian Sea.

Sumqayit (Sumqayıt in Azerbaijani; former Russian name Sumgait) is a city in Azerbaijan, located near the Caspian Sea, about 30 kilometres away from the capital, Baku. The city has a population of 289,700, making it the third-largest city in Azerbaijan. The city has a territory of about 100 km². It was founded on November 22, 1949. Two settlements are within the city administration: Jorat and a settlement named after Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev. It is home to Sumqayit State University.

1 History
- 1.1 Sumgait Massacre
2 Demographics
3 Economics
4 See also
5 References
6 External link

[edit] History

The first reports of settlements at the present site of Sumgayit were in 1580, although nothing substantial was created on the site until the Soviet Union gained control over the area in the 1920s. In 1935, the Soviet government decided to develop heavy industry in Apsheron Peninsula, and the future location of Sumgayit was chosen from its proximity to Baku and its key position on existing railroad lines.

Between 1938-1941, a thermoelectric power station was constructed to power Baku's growing petroleum industry. This was soon followed by more heavy industries. After a pause due to World War II, more metallurgical and chemical plants were constructed. This rapid growth created a number of jobs, and a need for a resident population. By 1949, Sumgayit gained official city status.

Map of Azerbaijan showing Sumqayit sahar

However, as a result of the Soviet planning of that era, the city became heavily polluted. Soon after Azerbaijan's independence, the industrial sectors went into decline. The Apsheron Peninsula (which consists of Sumqayit, Baku and the Abşeron rayon) is considered by scientists to be the most ecologically devastated part of Azerbaijan. The city is known for its children's cemetery, known as the "Baby Cemetery" which contains the many graves of infants born with deformities and mental retardation that were further complicated by the lack of adequate medical care for the poor.^[1]

[edit] Sumgait Massacre

Main article: Sumgait Massacre

On February 29, 1988, violence erupted against the ethnic Armenian population living in Sumqayit, setting off a series of killings involving Azeris and Armenians. Approximately 26 Armenians and 6 Azerbaijanis died, with over 2000 injuries in 3 days of ethnic rioting. As a result, the whole Armenian population was forced from Sumqayit. The Sumqayit riots marked the beginning of the long-term stand-off between Armenians and Azeris, culminating in the later Nagorno-Karabakh War and continuing into the present. The city has become home to a number of refugees from the latter war.

[edit] Demographics

Population: 289 700 inhabitants
Density of population, per km²: 2682
Annual population upsurge (pers): 1944
Average lifetime: 70 years
Ethnicity: Azerbaijanis 95.7%, Russians 1.7%, Ukrainians 0.3%, Tatars 0.3%, Jews 0.1%, others 1.9%.