Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah

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In full, Almarhum Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin III (1906/1907?-September 20, 1979) was the fourth Yang di-Pertuan Agong (roughly equivalent to King) of Malaysia, and the fifteenth Sultan of Terengganu.

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[edit] Early career

The date of his birth has been given as either March 16, 1906[1] or January 24, 1907, [2] the latter being the one more often used. Born in Kuala Terengganu, he was the fifth, but third surviving, son of Sultan Zainal Abidin III ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad II (reigned 1881-1918). His mother was a Thai Muslim convert, Cik Maimunah binti Abdullah, who died in 1918.[3]

Educated at the Kuala Terengganu Malay School, he then went to the Malay College. In 1929, he entered the Terengganu administrative service. In 1934, he was appopinted Assistant Collector of Land Revenue in Kuala Terengganu.

In 1935, he became aide-de-camp to his elder half brother Sultan Sulaiman, accompanying him to the coronation of King George VI on May 12, 1937. In 1939, he became Registrar of the High Court and the Court of Appeal. He also served as the Land Court Registrar. In 1940, he was appointed a minister of the Terengganu state cabinet, having been made Tengku Paduka Raja. In 1941, he became First Class Magisrate and was promoted Terengganu State Secretary on November 15, 1941.[4]

[edit] The Terengganu Succession Dispute

Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah of Terengganu died on September 25, 1942 of blood poisoning. The Japanese Military Administration proclaimed his son as the fourteenth sultan of Terengganu bearing the title Sultan Ali. On October 18, 1943, the Thai government under prime minister Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsonggram took over the administration of Terengganu from the Japanese and continued to recognise Sultan Ali.[5]

When the British returned after the end of the Second World War, they declined to recognise Sultan Ali. Allegedly, Sultan Ali was too much in debt, had been too close to the Japanese, had repudiated his official consort (the daughter of Sultan Abu Bakar of Pahang) and had contracted an unsuitable second marriage to a former prostitute. [6] According to Sultan Ali, the British Military Adminiostration wanted him removed for his refusal to sign the Malayan Union treaty.[7]

On November 5, 1945 the Terengganu State Council of thirteen members announced the dismissal of Sultan Ali and the appointment of Tengku Ismail as the fifteenth sultan of Terengganu. Sultan Ali continued to dispute his dismissal until his death on May 17, 1996. [8] Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (as he then became) was installed on June 6, 1949 at Istana Maziah, Kuala Terengganu. [9]

[edit] Election as Deputy King

Sultan Ismail served as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong between September 21, 1960 to September 20, 1965.

[edit] Election as King

Sultan Ismail was elected fourth Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and served in that office from September 21, 1965 until September 20, 1970.

[edit] Unhappiness in Office

Sultan Ismail was sickly in office and suffered from heart trouble. He wanted to resign as Yang di-Pertuan Agong in 1969, but was persuaded by prime minister Tunku Abdul Rahman not to do so as the next Yang di-Pertuan Agong would be Tunku Abdul Rahman's nephew (Tuanku Abdul Halim of Kedah) and the prime minister felt it was not right for him to continue in office during that time.[10]

Tunku Abdul Rahman described Sultan Ismail as "highly sensitive and temperamental". .[11] Sultan Ismail was reigning as Yang di-Pertuan Agong when the May 13 incident sparked racial riots in Kuala Lumpur and parliament was suspended.

[edit] Death and Funeral

Sultan Ismail died in Kuala Terengganu on September 20, 1979 and was buried a day later at the Royal Mausoleum near Abidin Mosque, Kuala Terengganu. [12]He was succeeded by Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, his eldest son.

[edit] Family Life

Sultan Ismail married four times to:

  1. Che Wan Aminah binti Che Wan Chik, by whom he had two daughters
  2. in 1929 to Tengku Tengah Zaharah binti Tengku Setia Raja Pahang Tengku Umar bin Sultan Ahmad Pahang (1911-1979; divorced) by whom he had nine children including his successor as sultan of Terengganu, Sultan Mahmud
  3. in 1944 to Tengku Intan Zaharah binti Tengku Setia Raja Terengganu Tengku Hitam Umar (1928- ) sometime Tengku Ampuan Besar of Terengganu, Raja Permaisuri Agong and currently Tengku Ampuan Tua of Terengganu[13]
  4. Che Jarah binti Abdullah, by whom he had one daughter

[edit] Trivia

  1. Sultan Ismail was a keen photographer and his works had been exhibited
  2. His two royal consorts had exactly the same name (Zaharah Umar)
  3. Jalan Sultan Ismail, the main business street in Malaysia, is named after him

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Finestone, Jeffrey and Shaharil Talib (1994) The Royal Families of South-East Asia Shahindera Sdn Bhd
  2. ^ Buyong Adil (1974) Sejarah Terengganu p 205 DBP
  3. ^ Buyong Adil Op Cit p 140
  4. ^ Buyong Adil Op Cit p205
  5. ^ Willan, HC (1945) Interviews with the Malay rulers CAB101/69, CAB/HIST/B/4/7
  6. ^ Willan, HC Op Cit
  7. ^ Wan Ramli Wan Mohamad (1993) Pengakuan Tengku Ali Mengapa Saya Diturunkan Dari Takhta Terengganu Fajar Bakti, Kuala Lumpur
  8. ^ Wan Ramli Wan Mohamad (1993) Op Cit
  9. ^ Buyong Adil Op Cit p205
  10. ^ Tunku Abdul Rahman (1977) Looking Back pp 343-344 Pustaka Antara, kuala Lumpur
  11. ^ Tunku Abdul Rahman (1977) Op Cit
  12. ^ (September 22, 1979) New Straits Times
  13. ^ Finestone, Jeffrey and Shaharil Talib (1994) Op Cit
Preceded by
Tuanku Syed Putra
(Raja of Perlis)		 Yang di-Pertuan Agong
(King of Malaysia)		 Succeeded by
Tuanku Abdul Halim
(Sultan of Kedah)
Preceded by
Sultan Ali Shah		 Sultan of Terengganu
1945-1979		 Succeeded by
Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah
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