Stonehaven Tolbooth
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Stonehaven Tolbooth is a late sixteenth century stone building originally used as a courthouse and a prison in the town of Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.[1] Constructed of local Old Red Sandstone, the prison probably attained its greatest note, when three local Episcopalian clergymen were imprisoned for holding services for more than nine people (a limit established to discourage the Episcopalian religion in the mid 1700s).[2] Lying midway along the old north quay of the Stonehaven Harbour, the present day Tolbooth serves as a history museum with a restaurant on the first floor (second floor in American vernacular).
Contents |
[edit] Early history
The Stonehaven Tolbooth is thought to have been founded by George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal (c. 1553 – 1623), with the original purpose of the rectangular building being as a storehouse. In the year 1600 an Act of Parliament provided that the building become a tolbooth[3]; text of that act reads: "The shiref of the shiref-dome of Kincardin in all time cum sall sit and hald their courtis at Stanehyve". After 1624 the town business functions were conducted on the upper level of the Stonehaven Tolbooth, with the ground floor being used as the prison.
By 1685 there are further accounts of the Stonehaven Tolbooth functioning as the seat of justice for all of Kincardinshire (the former shire of this district that was eventually subsumed into Aberdeenshire). Over the winter of 1748-1749 three Episcopalian clergy were incarcerated for the crime of holding a religious ceremony to more than nine people at the (now ruined) chapel situated on the estate grounds of nearby Muchalls Castle[4] . The Episcopalians were associated with the Jacobite cause and discriminated upon by the ruling Hanoverians. The imprisoned clergymen's plight was memorialised in a well known painting, illustrating a baptism of an infant through the bars of the prison. The painting is on loan to the museum by the Diocese at Brechin.
[edit] History after 1766
When new county government facilities were built in the year 1767, the Stonehaven tolbooth reverted to its earlier humble use as a storehouse[5]. In 1963 the Tolbooth was in need of restoration, which resulted in the present day use configuration of a local history museum on the ground floor and a destination restaurant on the above level. The museum holds relics dating to the Iron Age including an original barrow, as well as memorabilia from the eras defined by the Tolbooth’s existence.
[edit] Architecture
The original rectangular building was constructed with the long axis being east-west, with a length of 18.9 meters The construction is of Old Red Sandstone, a locally derived stone that was used in other local buildings of the same period such as Muchalls Castle.[6] A seventeenth century addition was added nearly at right angles to the original block, leading to a seventeenth century design as an L-Plan, also in the manner of Muchalls Castle.
The gables of the original rectangular block are crow-stepped, with a chimney on the west end. An unusual design feature is that access to the first floor is achieved only via a stonework staircase at the west end of the original block. This design may have been derived from a desire to have town government business conducted without having to enter through the prison level. A paved courtyard lies embraced by the two L-Plan projections.
[edit] Interior features
The north block (seventeenth century addition) floor retains original flagstones and cobblestones dating to the original north block. There is also a sizable firepit along the west wall of the north block wing, although the associated chimney above has been filled, rendering the fireplace unusable. At the ground level a partial stone wall partition separates the two large chambers belonging to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Arrow slits on the south facing sixteenth century wall are original; however they have been filled in. The height of these slits suggest that the grade level of the building floor has likely been altered. Inspection of the stonework indicates that there was an earlier opening at the centre of the east wall. The upper floor for the present restaurant use has been altered more extensively by interior partitions, although the basic window openings are thought to be original.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Archibald Watt, Highways and Biways around Kincardineshire, Stonehaven Heritage Society (1985)
- ^ David Bertie, Scottish Episcopal clergy 1689-2000, T and T Clark Publishing, Edinburgh, Scotland
- ^ House of Commons Journal London, England, (1600)
- ^ John Paul Hill, Episcopal chapel at Muchalls (1956)
- ^ Tolbooths and Townhouses: Civic Architecture in Scotland to 1833, Tolbooth Museum, Stonehaven
- ^ C.Michael Hogan, Sigvard Richardson and Peter Graves, History of Muchalls Castle, Kincardineshire, Scotland, Lumina Press, Aberdeen (2004)
