Steering oar
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The steering oar or steering board is an oversized oar or board to control the direction of a ship or other watercraft prior to the invention of the rudder. Normally it was attached to the starboard side in larger vessels, though in smaller ones it is rarely if ever attached. It was crucial in the invention of larger vessels in a time when the technology for rudders did not exist. Steering oars were the typical steering mechanism on larger Viking ships.