Statthalter

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Statthalter is a German title, meaning 'steadholder', i.e. Lieutenant.

This article is about the use of the word as a gubernatorial title. For equivalents in Dutch and Scandinavian languages, see Stadholder. See also the compounds Regierungsstatthalter and Reichsstatthalter.

[edit] Austrian crown lands

The titles was only in use in Cisleithanian crown lands, i.e. those under the imperial crown of Austria proper, not in the Transleithanian crown lands under the Hungarian royal crown (both ruled by the Habsburg dynasty).

In present Austria:

Austria proper (the original archduchy), Österreich in German: 1501 - 1848; next split into:
- Österreich ob der Enns ('Austria above the Enns'), i.e. Upper Austria: 1 January 1849 - 2 November 1918
- Österreich unter der Enns ('Austria below the Enns'), i.e. Lower Austria: 1849 - November 1919
Kärnten (i.e. Carinthia):
- 1813 - 8 December 1849 under the Statthalter of Illyria (see below)
- 8 December 1849 - 1860 Johannes Freiherr von Schlössburg
Kingdom of Illyria (Görz and Gradisca, Kärnten (above), Istria, and Carniola, Dalmatia, Triest): 1816 - 8 December 1849; then, split from it:
- Küstenland 'Coastal land' (consisting of three autonomous länder of Görz and Gradisca, Istria, and Triest - i.e. partly in modern Austria, Italy and Slovenia): 1849-1918
Steiermark, i.e. Styria: 1771 - 1918
Tirol, i.e. Tyrol (which also had a **Bavarian Statthalter und Hofkommissär, 6 February 1806 - 25 September 1808: Karl Rupert Graf Arco-Zinnenberg): 26 June 1814 - 12 November 1918;
- the same was from 1849 also ex officio Statthalter of Vorarlberg

In other countries split from Austria since World War I:

Böhmen, i.e. Bohemia (in present Czech Republic): 1826 - 1918
Mähren, i.e. Moravia (also now in Czech Republic): 1783 - 1918
Krain, i.e. Carniola (in Slovenia): 1813 - 1850

Crown lands without an Austrian Statthalter (or at least one of their own) were the prince-archbishopric Salzburg in modern Austria, and further Bukovina (in Ukraine), Cracow (in Poland), Dalmatia (in Croatia), Galicia and Lodomeria (in Poland), Lombardy-Venetia (in Italy), Schlesien (i.e. Austrian Silesia).