User:Spaully/Test
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents |
[edit] Fancy templates
Spaully/Test
{{ #if: 1 | 1 | 2}}: 1
{{ #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | Spaully/Test | 1 | 2 }}: 1
| Urinary system - Kidney - edit |
|---|
| Renal capsule | Renal cortex | Renal medulla | Renal calyx | Renal pelvis |
| Nephron - Renal corpuscle (Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule) → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal convoluted tubule → Collecting ducts
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Macula densa, Juxtaglomerular cells) Renal circulation - Renal artery → Interlobar arteries → Arcuate arteries → Cortical radial arteries → Afferent arterioles → Glomerulus → Efferent arterioles → Vasa recta → Arcuate vein → Renal vein |
| Renal physiology |
| Filtration - Ultrafiltration | Countercurrent exchange
Hormones effecting filtration - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Aldosterone | Atrial natriuretic peptide Endocrine - Renin | Erythropoietin (EPO) | Calcitriol (Active vitamin D) | Prostaglandins |
| Assessing Renal function / Measures of Dialysis |
| Glomerular filtration rate | Creatinine clearance | Renal clearance ratio | Urea reduction ratio | Kt/V | Standardized Kt/V | Hemodialysis product |
[edit] Kidney test
| Urinary system - Kidney - edit |
|---|
| Renal capsule | Renal cortex | Renal medulla | Renal calyx | Renal pelvis |
| Nephron - Renal corpuscle → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal convoluted tubule → Collecting ducts
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Macula densa, Juxtaglomerular cells) Renal circulation - Renal artery → Interlobar arteries → Arcuate arteries → Cortical radial arteries → Afferent arterioles → Glomerulus → Efferent arterioles → Vasa recta → Arcuate vein → Renal vein |
| Renal physiology |
| Filtration - Ultrafiltration | Countercurrent exchange
Hormones effecting filtration - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Aldosterone | Atrial natriuretic peptide Endocrine - Renin | Erythropoietin (EPO) | Calcitriol (Active vitamin D) | Prostaglandins |
| Assessing Renal function / Measures of Dialysis |
| Glomerular filtration rate | Creatinine clearance | Renal clearance ratio | Urea reduction ratio | Kt/V | Standardized Kt/V | Hemodialysis product |
This template is part of the Medical series of navigation boxes. Refer to Template:Medicine and its talk page for suggestions on style and editing.
[edit] Verifiability
The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth.
I think this policy may be too strongly worded in the distinction between verifiability and truth, leading to some overzealous interpretations.
I notice that WP:Reliable sources takes pains not to use "truth" in it's guidelines, but at the same time does not explicitly define what a reliable source is.
If you examine the standards set by WP:Reliable sources, they all focus around how truthful their information is thought to be. Indeed I would define the reliability of a source by how Evaluating sources:
- Do they have an agenda or conflict of interest, strong views, or other bias which may color their report?
- The implication being that their conflict will hinder truthful reporting of facts.
- Were they actually there? Be careful to distinguish between descriptions of events by eyewitnesses and by commentators. The former are primary sources; the latter secondary. Both can be reliable.
- Find out what other people say about your sources.
- Have they reported other facts reliably, including on different subjects? Cross-check with what you already know.
- Are the publications available for other editors to check? We provide sources for our readers, so they must be accessible in principle, although not necessarily online.
[edit] Somewhere to do with Flu
[edit] Virus structure and lifecycle
The causative agent of influenza is the influenza virus, of the family orthomyxoviridae. There are many strains of virus including 3 main subtypes- influenzavirus A, B and C. While there is much variation between and within the strains, the general structure and components remains the same.
The virions are about 100nm in diameter and are formed of cell membrane, studded with virus proteins, containing the virus genome and neccessary replicative proteins.
The two most common external proteins are haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Haemagglutinin (HA) is involved in virion unencapsulation and cell adhesion. It binds to sialic acid, attached to N-acetyl neuraminic acid; this is present on the epithelial cells influenza infects.
Neuraminidase (NA) is needed for mature virion release from infected cells. It cleaves the sialic acid present on the cell surface to inhibit HA binding. This is the target of the antiviral relenza, inhibiting NA and thereby inhibiting mature virion release.
Binding of HA to cells induces endocytosis, taking the virion into a phagosome which is then acidified. This acidification activates another virion surface protein, the M2 ion channel, which allows acidification of the virion. This is the site of action of the antiviral amantadine, which inhibits vesicle acidification and M2 activation.
Acidification activates HA and M1, an internal protein, to cause unencapsulation allowing the viral genome into the cell.
Its genome is formed of negative sense RNA, which inside the virion is segmented into 8 parts and attached to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Upon infection of the host cell, these are transported to the nucleus where the viral RNA polymerases produce mRNA for viral protein production, and a second round of RNA replication forms complete viral genomes.
[edit] CIVIL
The discussion is clearly not Talk page material, so I'll reply here.
Your first reply:
- "I've looked at some of your edits so I know you are neither stupid nor ignorant. So I am left wondering what you are talking about."
Suggesting you think my edits to influenza are "stupid" and "ignorant".
- "Notice the linked item described as the causative virus? Click on it. That IS the "hard to find" virus information. See the box on the right marked "Flu"? The last item is labeled "Phylogenetics" which links to the same article."
How am I supposed to feel anything but indignation at the patronising tone?
- "Please don't edit war until you get your facts straight. (And even then, talking rather than edit waring is better)"
- The second of my two edits was different to the first, taking into account your previous edit comment
- Prior to my second edit I started a new section on the talk page, in which I explained my reasoning.
- "As it is clear you don't know what you are talking about when you say "If I was wanting to find information about influenza, I would find it very hard to find out about the virus itself" I am going to revert you."
I tried to find the information, and so am in as good a position as anyone to make that claim. "It is clear you don't know what you are talking about" is hardly respectful.
I don't think that constitutes criticism in line with WP:CIVIL
[edit] To go at Template:Kidney
| Urinary system - Kidney - edit |
|---|
| Renal capsule | Renal cortex | Renal medulla (Renal sinus, Renal pyramids) | Renal calyx | Renal pelvis |
| Nephron - Renal corpuscle (Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule) → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal convoluted tubule → Collecting ducts
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Macula densa, Juxtaglomerular cells) Renal circulation - Renal artery → Interlobar arteries → Arcuate arteries → Cortical radial arteries → Afferent arterioles → Glomerulus → Efferent arterioles → Vasa recta → Arcuate vein → Renal vein |
| Renal physiology |
| Filtration - Ultrafiltration | Countercurrent exchange
Hormones effecting filtration - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Aldosterone | Atrial natriuretic peptide Endocrine - Renin | Erythropoietin (EPO) | Calcitriol (Active vitamin D) | Prostaglandins |
| Assessing Renal function / Measures of Dialysis |
| Glomerular filtration rate | Creatinine clearance | Renal clearance ratio | Urea reduction ratio | Kt/V | Standardized Kt/V | Hemodialysis product |
[edit] For Template:Diuretics
| Diuretics - edit |
|---|
| Potassium-sparing diuretics: Amiloride | Triamterene | Aldosterone antagonists (Spironolactone, Eplerenone) Thiazides: Hydrochlorothiazide | Bendroflumethiazide Loop diuretics: Furosemide | Bumetanide | Ethacrynic acid Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamide | Dorzolamide Osmotic diuretics: Mannitol | Glucose |
|
Classification of common diuretics and their mechanisms of action |
|
| agent | mechanism |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene) | inhibition within collecting ducts of Na+-K+ exchange: spironolactone inhibits aldosterone action; amiloride inhibits epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) |
| water | inhibits vasopressin secretion |
| ethanol | inhibits vasopressin secretion |
| V2 vasopressin receptor antagonists | inhibit vasopressin's action on nephron's collecting duct |
| Xanthines (e.g., caffeine, theophylline) | inhibit tubular reabsorption of Na+, increase glomular filtration rate |
| acidifying salts (e.g., CaCl2, NH4Cl) | |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide, dorzolamide) | inhibit H+ secretion, resultant promotion of Na+ and K+ excretion |
| loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid) | inhibit the cotransporter in the medullary thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
| Thiazides (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide, bendroflumethiazide) | inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules of nephrons |
| Osmotic diuretics (e.g., mannitol, glucose) | promote osmotic diuresis |
