Solomon Breuer
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Shlomo Zalman (Solomon) Breuer (Pilisvörösvár, Hungary 1850-Frankfurt 1926) was a Rabbi, initially in Pápa, Hungary and from the early 1890s in Frankfurt as a successor of his father-in-law Samson Raphael Hirsch.
Born into a family of German-speaking merchants, he studied with his maternal grandfather rabbi Simon Wiener. At the age of twelve at the yeshiva of Nitra, but returned to study with his grandfather until he could enrol in the yeshiva of Pressburg, then headed by rabbi Abraham Samuel Benjamin Sofer (the Ktav Sofer). He then proceeded to university studies and eventual doctorate in Mainz, where he became acquainted with rabbi Marcus Lehman, one of the leaders of German Orthodoxy.
He married Sophie, youngest daughter of rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch of Frankfurt, in 1876, and soon after accepted the rabbinate of Pápa in Hungary. His father-in-law passed away in December 1888, and Breuer succeeded him as the rabbi of the Frankfurt Austrittsgemeinde (seccessioned community) in 1890.
In Frankfurt he participated in the Freie Vereinuging, a national organisation of Orthodox communities, and created its rabbinical representative body, the Verband der orthodoxen Rabbiner Deutschlands (Union of Orthodox rabbis in Germany). He would later also be one of the founding members of Agudat Israel, and was a strong opponent of political Zionism; he viewed participation in the Zionist movement as an implicit approval of the idea that a Jewish state can replace Jewish religious identity.
As part of his duties in Frankfurt was Jewish education, and he opened a yeshiva, the Torah Lehranstalt, in 1893, which he modeled after the yeshivot he had attended in Hungary.
Little of Breuer's work remains in writing. Collected sermons were published in English under the title Chochmo u'Mussar in three volumes between 1972 and 1977 by his grandson Jacob Breuer, and some of his responsa appeared in the Hebrew volume Divrei Yosef, which mainly contained the work of his son Joseph.
He had eight children. Simon died in childhood. Raphael Breuer was rabbi in Aschaffenburg, Joseph Breuer taught at the Torah Lehranstalt and recreated the Frankfurt community in 1940's New York, Isaac Breuer was an ideologue of Agudat Yisrael, Moses Breuer was a linguist, Samson Breuer a mathematician and actuary, and Joshua Breuer a pediatrician. His daughter Hannah Breuer married Edmund Meyer, a lawyer in Cologne.
[edit] References
- Kranzler D, Landesman D. Rav Breuer: His Legacy, His Life. New York, NY: Feldheim Publishers, 1998. ISBN 1-58330-163-1.
- Breuer S. Chochmo U'Mussar - an original approach to sidrah interpretation. Single volume edition. New York, Feldheim Publishers, 1996. ISBN 0-87306-753-3.
