Slingsby T-67 Firefly
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The Slingsby T-67 Firefly is a two-seat aerobatic training aircraft, built by Slingsby Aviation in Kirkbymoorside, Yorkshire, England.[1] It is infamous in the United States as the T-3 Firefly of the USAF, due to its involvment in multiple fatal training accidents.
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[edit] Development
Slingsby purchased the production and development rights of the Fournier RF6B in 1981 and developed its own version calling it the 'Firefly'. Over 250 aircraft have been built mainly as a basic military trainier. Although operated successfully in the United Kingdom and Canada, the program would end in disaster in the United States because of fatal crashes, and problems with engine failures. The type was meant to not only replace the Cessna T-41 introductory trainer, but meet the Enhanced Flight Screening Program (EFSP) requirements. The US Air Force has no replacement for this type as it no longer provides training to non-fliers. The aircraft were eventually declared in excess of need in the early 2000s.
[edit] Slingsby Fireflies in popular culture
The Firefly is the aircraft used in the Children's series Come Outside.
[edit] Variants
- T-67A Firefly
The first batch of nine aircraft were copies of the Fournier RF6B.
- T-67B Firefly
The T-67B was the first of the Slingsby designed aircraft, the main difference was the use of glassfibre reinforced plastics.
- T-67C Firefly
The T-67C was a variant with a 160 hp (120 kW) Lycoming engine.
- T-67M Firefly/T-3A Firefly
The T-67M is the military variant, including the T-67M260 with a more powerful 260 hp (194 kW) engine. 113 T-67M260s were delivered to the United States Air Force as the T-3A Firefly.
[edit] Operators
[edit] Military operators
The Firefly was used as a basic military training aircraft in Canada. The Canadian Fireflies entered service in 1992 replacing the CT 134 Musketeer. They were, in turn, replaced in 2006 by the German made Grob G-120 when the contract ended. The aircraft were owned and operated by Bombardier Aerospace under contract to the Canadian Forces. Unlike the USAF experience, there were no serious operational or maintenance issues with the Fireflies in Canadian military service.
The Firefly is also used as a basic military trainer in the United Kingdom. The aircraft are owned and operated under contract by a civilian company on behalf of the military. In the UK it was under a scheme known as "Contractor Owned Contractor Operated" (CoCo).
The largest Firefly operator was the USAF where it was given the designation T-3A Firefly. The Firefly was selected in 1992 to replace the T-41 aircraft for the command's Enhanced Flight Screening Program, which would include aerobatic maneuvers. From 1993 to 1995, 113 aircraft were purchased and delivered to Hondo, Texas, and the U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado.
The Air Education and Training Command commander stood down the entire T-3A fleet in July 1997 as a result of uncommanded engine stoppages during flight and ground operations. A major factor driving the decision were the three T-3 Class A mishaps in 1995, 1996 and 1997. Three Air Force Academy cadets and three instructors were killed in T-3A crashes attributed to spin recovery procedures and engine malfunctions. The British-built planes had been purchased for $32 million, and $10 million was spent on fixes to make them airworthy after grounding. "The Air Force found the cost of getting the aircraft or any of the aircraft's components in airworthy condition for resale was prohibitive. ", and , "In September 1999, the chief of staff of the Air Force approved termination of the T-3A EFSP, and AETC declared all T-3A aircraft excess to the command's needs. In 2000, the CSAF requested a new mission be found for the T-3A; however, a study completed in 2002 did not recommend a follow-on mission." [1] "The remaining T-3A aircraft were then stored without maintenance at the Air Force Academy and the Hondo Airport. In the 2002 to 2003 timeframe, the 53 aircraft at the Air Force Academy were disassembled, crated and trucked to Hondo."[2] On September 9, 2006, it was annouced the remaining 53 (114 were originally purchased) disassembled T-3 aircraft, which had been declared in excess need for over 6 years, would be scrapped.[3].
[edit] Civil operators
All aircraft retired after 1996.
[edit] Specifications (T3A)
Data from Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory [2]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Length: 24 ft 10 in (7.55 m)
- Wingspan: 34 ft 9 in (10.69 m)
- Height: 7 ft 9 in (2.36 m)
- Wing area: 136 ft² (12.6 m²)
- Airfoil: NACA 23015/23013 (root/tip)
- Empty weight: 1,750 lb (794 kg)
- Loaded weight: lb (kg)
- Useful load: lb (kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 2,550 lb (1,157 kg)
- Powerplant: 1× Textron Lycoming AEIO-540-D 6 cylinder horizontally opposed engine, 260 hp (194 kW)
Performance
- Never exceed speed: 195 knots (224mph, 361 km/h)
- Maximum speed: 152 knots (175mph, 281 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 140 knots (161 mph, 259 km/h)
- Stall speed: 54 knots (62 mph, 100 km/h) (with flaps)
- Range: 407 nm (468 mi, 753 km)
- Service ceiling: ft (m)
- Rate of climb: 1380 ft/min (7 m/s)
- Wing loading: lb/ft² (kg/m²)
- Power/mass: hp/lb (W/kg)
[edit] External link
[edit] See also
- T-41 basic trainer
[edit] References
- ^ Slingsby T-67 Firefly. Delta Aviation. Retrieved on May 8, 2006.
- ^ Taylor, M J H (editor) (1999). Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000 Edition. Brassey's. ISBN 1 85753 245 7.
- Air Force Scrapping Troubled Plane Retrieved Sept. 9, 2006
- AF link: Officials announce T-3A Firefly final disposition with public domain picture.
Designation sequence
- T-1 Seastar - T-1 Jayhawk - T-2 - T-3 - (skips)- T-6 Texan - T-6 Texan II
Related lists
- List of active United States military aircraft
Timeline of aviation
Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines
Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft
Notable military accidents and incidents · Notable airline accidents and incidents · Famous aviation-related deaths
Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft
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