Skindiving
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Skindiving is an older word for freediving. Why it is now archaic is unclear, as is the etyomology. The general connotation was that "skindiving" also consisted of spearfishing. "Skindiving" was never synonymous with "SCUBA diving."
Some people used the word skindiving for snorkel diving only.
There is a USA scuba diving magazine called Skin Diver.
[edit] Metaphoric use
By analogy, the term is also used as a synonym for skinny dipping, i.e. in the nude - the notion of 'naked(ness)' is often used to express 'without (vital) equipment'