Skhodnenskaya
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Skhodnenskaya (Russian: Сходненская) is a station on the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. The station is a single vault, which is significant engineering achievement and a step from the dictated 1960s typical functionality design. Actually Moscow's history of single vault stations began 40 years prior to Skhodnenskaya with Biblioteka Imeni Lenina which opened along with the Metro itself in 1935. Built to a design of the Paris Métro, however problems of keeping the structure from collapse and pouring in Bitumen called for no repeat of such methods. The second single vault, Aeroport, opened in 1938, this time built with the cut and cover method, was little success as well. The delicacy required when preparing and handling heavy monolithic concrete vault blocks had a drain on manpower and time that the industrialisation, and later functionality programmes could not afford.
During the late 1960s following the beginning of deviation from functionality, engineers returned to the single-vault design. First tested in the Kharkov Metro (hence the name) the design begins with the simple cut and cover as a pillar trispan, but after the walls are mounted (and reinforced). In any case the pit is then filled with the excavated earth, up to the depth of the vault keystone, and is shaped into a half-cylinder. From there metallic armature is placed along the earth, and on it, the concreate blocks. Once set the earth, under the compeated vault is then reexcavated and works on the station platforms can begin. The exact shape of the dome depends on the hydrogeological conditions of the surrounding elements. In absence of need for hydroisolation, the walls that erected the dome are taken into the design and the appearance is of the vault sitting on top of them. If hydroisolation is required, the vault extends all the way to the bottom and the station appears like a half-cylinder. In presence of strong water pressure from the soil, the walls are not only left outside, but also the vault is forced into a backwards curvature, making the station even more cylindrical.
Skhodnensakaya was the first station in Moscow to be built using this method, its design incorporated the walls into the construction (being the simplest of the methods). Architects Popov and Fokina were the first to exploit the potential design which gave much more abilities than the pillar-trispan. The walls were faced with red marble walls and adorned with decorative cast-aluminum panels. All signage and light fixtures are attached to the ceiling, keeping the platform free of obstructions. Skhodnenskaya opened on December 30, 1975 as part of the northern extension of the Krasnopresnenskiy Radius. The new design proved very popular and in all future extensions, or new line segements and in Moscow and other ex-USSR metros had at least some Single Vaults. This single vault design however should not be confused with those found in Saint Petersburg Metro, which are built to a different technology.
The station's underground vestibules are interlinked with subways allowing access to the Skhodnenskaya street, and Yana Rainisa and Khimkinskiy Boulevards, a daily of 78750 use the station.
