Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, 1st Baronet

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Sir John Eardley Eardley-Wilmot, 1st Baronet (21 February 1783 – 3 February 1847) was a politician in the United Kingdom who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for North Warwickshire and then as Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land (later called Tasmania).

Eardley-Wilmot was the son of John Wilmot and grandson of Sir John Eardley Wilmot, chief justice of the court of common pleas. He was educated at Harrow School, called to the bar in 1806, was created a baronet in 1821 and in 1822 published An Abridgment of Blackstone's Commentaries. This was followed in 1827 by A Letter to the Magistrates of England on the Increase of Crime, by Sir Eardley Eardley-Wilmot, Bart. F.R.S., F.L.S. and F.S.A. He was a member of the House of Commons, representing North Warwickshire from 1832 until March 1843 when he was appointed lieutenant-governor of Van Diemen's Land, and arrived at Hobart on 17 August. He probably owed his position to the interest he had taken in the subject of crime; his plea that prisoners under the age of 21 should be segregated and a special endeavour made to reform them suggests that he was in advance of his period.

Soon after his arrival he came into conflict with one of the judges by reprieving a prisoner sentenced to be hanged. His justification was that he would not inflict death for offences not on the records of the court, and that in this case only robbery had been proved. He visited various parts of the island and seemed likely to be a popular governor. Many prisoners were arriving, expenses were rising, and the governor was much hampered by instructions received from the colonial office. In 1844 Eardley-Wilmot suggested that the 1842 Act (setting a £1 per acre minimum land price) should not apply in Van Diemen's Land — to which the British government agreed in 1845. He endeavoured to raise the duties on sugar, tea and other foreign goods, but the opposition from the colonists was great and the new taxes were withdrawn. The colonial office was unable to understand that convict labour could not be made to pay its way, and Wilmot was made responsible for the faults of a system he had no power to amend. He endeavoured to save expenses by reducing salaries of officials, but the chief justice for one denied the power of the council to reduce his salary. Six members of the council objected to the form of the estimates and withdrew from the council which reduced the number present below a quorum, and much public feeling arose against the governor.

In April 1846 Wilmot was recalled. The official statements relating to his recall were of the vaguest character, such as that he had not shown "an active care of the moral interests involved in the system of convict discipline". Privately Gladstone, the new colonial secretary, informed Wilmot that he was not recalled for any errors in his official character, but because rumours reflecting on his moral character had reached the colonial office. There was no truth in these charges nor was there time for Wilmot to receive any reply to his indignant denials, and requests for the names of his accusers. He died on 3 February 1847, worn-out by worry and anxiety. Too late Gladstone endeavoured to make some amends in a letter to one of Wilmot's sons. Wilmot married, (1) Elizabeth Emma, daughter of Caleb Hillier Parry, and (2) Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Chester. There were sons and daughters of both marriages. There is a monument in memory of Wilmot at Hobart, erected by public subscription.

[edit] References

• Serle, Percival. (1949). "Eardley-Wilmot, John Eardley". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
• Michael Roe, 'Eardley-Wilmot, Sir John Eardley (1783-1847)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 1, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp 345-346
• This page incorporates information from Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page.

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by (new constituency)	Member of Parliament for North Warwickshire 2-seat constituency (with William Stratford Dugdale) 1832–1843	Succeeded by William Stratford Dugdale and Charles Newdigate Newdegate
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by (new creation)	Baronet 1821–1847	Succeeded by John Eardley-Wilmot

Persondata
NAME	Eardley-Wilmot, John Eardley
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Sir John Eardley Eardley-Wilmot, 1st Baronet
SHORT DESCRIPTION	British politician; MP and Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land
DATE OF BIRTH	21 February 1783
PLACE OF BIRTH
DATE OF DEATH	3 February 1847
PLACE OF DEATH