Talk:Sinhala words of Tamil origin
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[edit] Transcription and Accuracy
- The words in this list are transcribed poorly. The length of vowels and retroflexion of consonants need to be expressed. Like this, the list is worthless. I suggest using the standard indological transcription, e.g. "āṇḍuva" instead of "Anduva".
- Some of the words respectively the translations given are wrong. E.g., "Ayye" is only used when adressing someone, the correct word for "elder brother" is "ayyā"; "Kuli" doesn't mean "rent", it should be "kuliya".
- In several cases, the derivation from Tamil is more than doubtful, e.g. "kakula" corresponds to Sanskrit "kaṅkāla" and Pali "kaṅkala"; "beraya" to Sanskrit and Pali "bhēri" ("parai" is possibly a Sanskrit loanword in Tamil); "äṇaya" ("nail") to Sanskrit and Pali "āṇi(ka)" (Tamil word again probably loanword from Sanskrit); etc.
I am aware that this is a political matter to many people who think that a high number of Tamil loanwords in Sinhala can be used to doubt the Sinhalese national identity. However, most languages have a high number of loanwords which are old or recent, easily discernible or not at all to the common speaker. That applies for almost all European languages and Indian languages as well. It does not prove anything except that there has been close contact between two languages respectively groups of speakers. So please don't be tense and grim about this matter. Krankman 16:49, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
- Hi RaveenS, I have looked at some of your edits and you seem to be one of the few natives who are impartial in Sri Lankan matters. So please don't take my above statement (which may habe been a bit harsh) as directed against you. When I have the time, I'll be happy to assist you in improving the quality of the list. Cheers, Krankman 17:25, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
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- Please update it as best as you can. After all this is a Stub :-)). Supposedly there are 400 loan or substratum (?) Tamil or some kind of Proto-Dravidian words in Sinhalese. So there is a lot to be done. Thanks RaveenS 18:46, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
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- The problem is that even in the scientific community there is no agreement in many of the cases. But I guess we'll be able to develop a nice list in the course of time by sticking to those cases that are unambiguous. Krankman 11:30, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
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- There is a Sinhalese dictionary of Tamil words, that I have listed. It should form the bed rock of this list.RaveenS 13:19, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
[edit] My changes
Alright. I have overhauled the list. Removed some, added some. I have many more to add, but after spending three hours on this, I have to attend to some real-life duties. I will add my stuff (which I've collected for years) in the course of time. Anybody who wants to add words but doesn't know the correct transcription, just insert in normal writing and I will take care of the transcription and alphabetical order.
Let me take this occasion to thank RaveenS for starting this list.
- "Amma" is present in almost all Indian languages (also Hindi), so may be a very old inherited term.
- "Appocchi" too different from "Appa" to be directly derived from Tamil.
- "Vale" not to be found in dictionaries.
- "Kuliya" ("depression") not in the dictionaries.
- Unfortunately place name endings and personal names are not in dictionaries (so we have to find other sources) but place names such as Kuliyapitiya, Mattakuliya...
- Also it depends on where the places with such names are located: If they are in the North Central province or anywhere close to the sea in the East or in the West, they were probably Tamil settlements in the beginning and the population changed over to Sinhala in the course of time (like Puttalama); that might possibly be the case with Kuliyapitiya.
- "Kulama" not in the dictionaries.
- Same as above Bulankulama.... (also a last name)
- Yeah, but here it's most probably like I said above. (Also, for times before the conflict broke out (for centuries, that is), we might expect villages with linguistically mixed populations, I suppose.)
- "Bera" see above in my first discussion entry.
- "Peruma": I don't think this belongs to Perumal because the "l" is missing; if it is Tamil at all, more likely to perumai "Greatness, glory, status". However it is even more likely that it belongs to Sinhala peruma "hope" or perum "attainment, completion of the Buddhist ordinances" (from Pali pāramitā). Removed it for the moment.
- Personal name endings are not in dictionaries, names such as Thervaraperuma, Kaluperuma... (see Karave and Durave for list of Tamil derived house or Ge names)
- But in this case a derivation from a Sinhala term is quite likely due to the missing "l". Or can you state Tamil names that include "-perum(a) without the "l"?
- Does anybody know if "koon" really means "blacksmith" in Tamil/Malayalam?
- Kon is Tamil for king, usually used as part of names such as Tennakoon or Tennakone .....
- "Kuppama" not in the dictionaries.
- Kuppama is a settlement of Rodiya people
- "Kari" not in the dictionaries; occasional use in slang language probably through English "curry" from Hindi "karhi", "taste".
- Listed some clarifications Huracane 14:54, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
- Added comments. Krankman 15:19, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Additional words for discussion
- Guys, if possible, mark long vowels by putting double vowels ("aa") from now on to make it easier finding the correct word in the dictionary. Thanks!
- Sothi - Sothi - Handicapped (unable to walk)
- "sotti", "crippled" seems to match it
- Andi - Andi - Medicant/Beggar
- can't find that in my dictionaries
- Kotiya - Kattuvan - Archaic tamil for lion (Sangam litearture terminology)
- "kotiya" (with a short "o") seems to be Sinhala derived from Sanskrit "krooshtu", "panther"
RaveenS 12:20, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
- Modaya
- "mōḍa" is there, that should be enough
- Maligawa
- well, let's keep that one in mind
- Comments by Krankman 22:07, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
- Karave - Karaiyar (caste title)
- Berava - Paraiyar
- Mukkaru - Mukkuvar
- Aluva - Tamil version of Halava, Alva
- I'd leave it out because it's not a Sinhala word
- Handiya - Santhi - Junction
- that's a Sanskrit borrowing (sandhi "link, intersection")
- Paalama - Paalam - Bridge
- already there
- Comments by Krankman 11:10, 21 July 2006 (UTC)
- Surrutuva - Surrutu - cigars
- Beediya - Beedi - Kind of loacl cigar
[edit] More Tamil Loan words in Sinhala
(With the assistance of an Old Sinhala Grammar.. the following words) (note, I am not 100% expert on Sinhala)
Sinhala - Tamil - English
appochchi - appaachchi - father
ambala - ambalam - inn, resthouse
araliya - alari - Frangipani
ali - aliyan - Elephant
awari - avuri - Indigo
angaana - angaadi - Stall
aadayam - aadhayam -income
aeni - aani - nail (lynch-pin)
aembaeTTa - ambattan - barber
ichcha - ichchai - flattery
iyam - idam - place
ilakka - ilakku - target
ilakkam - ilakkam - number
ilatti - ilaththi - dung
- can't find the Tamil word, please assist
ilawa - izhavu - funeral
ira - eer(u) - to saw
iraTTa - irattai -double/even number
iLandari - iLandhaari - youth/young man
uDaenni - uDukkai - small drum
udawi - udhavi - help
ura - urinju - to suck up
uraema - urimai - right
uLukku - suLukku - sprain
uuliyam - uuzhiyam - service/work
ediri - edhiri - opposition
ella - ellai - direction/course
- can't find the Tamil word, please assist
ottu - otru - act of spying
otta - otrai - odd number
Onae - vEnum - must/want
Thats enough for one night. --Lee1983 12:06, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
- comments made by Krankman 13:25, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
- Thanks a lot! I'll put the unambiguous ones in and give the reasons why the others are not included below. Oh, and could you give me the exact title of the dictionary you have used? Cheers, Krankman 13:16, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
No problems...
Section 234 - Words Naturalised and derived from Tamil
Book - "A Comprehensive Grammar of the Sinhalese language"
Author A.M.Gunasekara
First Published: 1891
ISBN: 81-206-0106-8
Can I also add; I would love to see a "Sinhala Grammar" Page on the internet as all I have come across are poor and/or abandoned.
- Well, I suppose the description of the grammar ought to be in the Sinhala article. I don't have that much time, but I'll be trying to work on it. :-) Krankman 11:25, 10 July 2006 (UTC)
Sinhala - Tamil - English
kaTTumaram - kattumaram - Fishing raft (Tamil word is used in English as Catamaran =) )
kaDala - kadalai - peanuts
kaDasarakku - kadaisharakku (kadai + sarakku) - Groceries
kaDinam - kadinam - haste
kaDiwaaLam/kaLiyaa - kadivaaLam - Bridle
kaNNaDi - kaNNadi - mirror or spectacles
kaNakku - kaNakku - account, rate
kaNisam - kaNisam - size /extent
kaN - kaN - eye (Is this common usage in Sinhala?)
kappam - kappam - tribute
kappal - kappal - ship
kappi - kappi - half ground grain
kambi - kambi - wire
kayieli - kayili - dyed clothe - untranslatable
kaitaaLam - kaithaaLam - Catechu
kaiwaarae - kaivaaram - flattery
kara -karai - bank (eg. river)
karawaLu - karuvaadu - dried fish
karaewaLa - kuraL - darkness
kaludae - kazhudhai - donkey
kawaNi - kavaNi - sort of muslin
kasakasaa - kasagasaa - Poppy seed
kaLavam - kaLavam - mixture
kan`kanam (overseer) - kaNkaaNi (Inspecting) - N/A
kaandam - kaandham - magnet
kaappu - kaappu - bracelet
kaal - kaal - quater
kaeti - kaththi - Knife
kaeDAE - kaadu - jungle
kiTTu - kitta - near
kuDa - kudai - umbrella
kuMBu - kuumbu - mast
kurae - kuru - short (in statue)
kuraemblaa - kurumbai - tender coconut
kulal - kuzhal - neck/flute
kulee - kuuli - Coolie/hire/wages
kuDaa - kuudai - basket
kuDu - kuudu - nest
keNDi - kendi - calf muscle
koTi - koDi - flag/banner
kottamalli - kothamalli - coriander
kombu - kombu - The Sinhala Vowel mark "e"
komaDu - kommatti - Watermelon
koLLa - koLLai - plunder
kONam - kohmaNam/kohvaNam - useful peice of cloth for men as not to disgrace themselves
kOvil - kOvil - Temple
galkaNDu - garkaNdu - sugar candy
chaNDi - chaNdi - fight
jaaDi - jaaDi - Jar
jODu - jODu -pair/brace
I'll write some more soon
- ) --Lee1983 09:23, 10 July 2006 (UTC)
- I've got the book here and I found the section you are citing. That's quite a list! Krankman 11:49, 10 July 2006 (UTC)
I would like to learn more sinhala, but here I don't have the resources -- if you have any resources that could help me I would be more than grateful. My email is on my talk page. --Lee1983 12:00, 10 July 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Name change
I propose this list be changed to List of Sinhala words of Tamil origin ? RaveenS 14:01, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Removed references
One is a Sinhalese dictionary of Tamil words recently published, it surely has to be the bed rock of this list ?RaveenS
[edit] Name change
If we are following Krankman's line of thinking I propose this list be changed to Sinhala words of Dravidian origin (at least) or Sinhala words of Proto-Dravidian origin. Because we do not know which words are of Proto-Dravidian origin and hence, to follow Krankman's line of thinking, not Tamil. "Tamil words" would be those that are not Proto-Dravidian or haven't been borrowed from any other language. Clozapine 06:01, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
- I probably shouldn't even bother to answer to this silly proposal. Anyway.
- This proposal is certainly not in my "line of thinking". "Proto-Dravidian"--as is obvious from the name--is a proto-language, a hypothetical language reconstructed by comparative methods (compare Proto-Indo-European language). "Proto-Dravidian" and Sinhala are millenia apart. Krankman 10:46, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Expand this article
Give reasons why this is an encylopedia artile not just a list of words. Describe how Sinhalese came about these words, there effect etc.RaveenS 13:51, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Removed word
I have removed komaḍu "water melon" because it is not derived from Tamil kommaṭṭi "a kind of cucumber plant" but from Sanskrit kuṣmāṇḍaka "a kind of cucumber plant" according to Geiger, Sinhalese Grammar, §70 2). The Tamil word likely is connected to the Sanskrit word, maybe it even is Dravidian, but the derivation of the Sinhala term from the Sanskrit one is 100% in accordance with established sound change laws. Krankman 16:58, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
