Silber

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Onomastics and disambiguational information about the words, place- & human-names that forms Silber-, Zilber/Zylber-:

On the onomastics in Judaism, there are variants: Silber, Silver, Silberberg, Silverberg, Silberburg, Silberer, Zilbernik, Zilberger, Silberfeld, Silbergleit, Silberkron, Silbermann, Silberman, Silverman, Silberschmidt, Zilversmit, Silberstein, Silverstein, Silverstone, Silverstyn, Silbert, Silfverhjelm (Nordic (Norwegian?); *Silberhelm), Silfverstolpe (Nordic), Feinsilber, Quecksilber (means mercury; Anglicised: Quecksilver, Quicksilver), etc.

Sephardic (Romance) similar-formed last names are: Silva, Silveira, Silvera (de la-), Silviera, etc.

[edit] Place names

Germany
Austria
  • Silberberg
  • Silberegg
  • Silbering
  • Silbertal/Silberthal
  • Silberwald

[edit] Philology

[edit] Ancient Sources of the Metals

The Ancient Hebrews were aware of the existence of gold at Havilah, Ophir, and Uphaz; and they obtained the precious metal from these districts either by means of their own ships, as under Solomon (I Kings ix.:28) and Jehoshaphat (ib. xxii.:49), or through the markets of Tyre, where silver, iron, tin, and lead were brought (Ezek. xxvii. 12), probably by traders from Tarshish (ib. xxxviii. 13). Tarshish is mentioned as being under Tyrian dominion (Isa. xxiii. 10); but its location and even the meaning of its name are still disputed points. The same doubt attaches to two cities, Betah and Berothai, conquered by David, from which he "took exceeding much brass" (II Sam. viii. 8; in I Chron. xviii. 8 these cities are Tibhath and Chun). Copper utensils came also from Javan (which here probably means Cyprus), Tubal, and Meshech (Ezek. xxvii. 13). According to the ideas of the time, the people of the last-named country lived in the far north; and the expression "iron from the north" occurs in Jer. xv. 12. This iron seems to have been an especially good variety. The Rabbis mention the excellent Indian iron (Avodah Zarah 16a; Avot of Rabbi Natan, Recension A, xxviii.) and the Indian swords (Tanchuma, Wa'etḥanan, 6). Since the Oriental trade was chiefly in the hands of the Phoenicians, the Israelites could thus become directly acquainted with the metals and had opportunity to obtain possession of them.

A general name for "metal" does not occur in the Tanakh, but the following species are mentioned: gold (Gold, zahabh), silver (keseph), copper (Kupfer, nchosheth/nekhoyshes, arad/der ored), iron (Eisen, barzel), tin (Zinn/tsin, pa'amon; cf.Tinnbergen = Zinnberg), lead (Lot/loit, 'ophereth/oyferes), antimony or stibium, and electrum (Bernstein, 'inbar, der inber/imber).

[edit] Silver in Judaism

This metal derives its name from its pale color. The denominative "hiksif" means "make pale" ("kasaf", like the Arabic "kasaf" = "desiderare"), although in Job xxii. 25 a comparison seems to be made between silver and something shining. The Greek ἀργύριον ( = Latin "argentum") likewise goes back to ἀργός ( ; "white"). "Kesef" was, in addition, a term for money in general among the Hebrews. Silver has its veins (Job xxviii. 1). It is not found on the surface, nor in river-beds, like gold; but it must be taken with hard labor from the depths of the mountain. Strangely enough, the Septuagint translates "kasifya", in Ezra viii. 17, according to the meaning of the root: ἐν ἀργυρίου ṭόπῳ (), "place of silver," that is, Ctesiphon.

Argentum, or Argentarium (Latin)
Table-silver; occurs often in the Midrash (Krauss, "Lehnwörter", ii. 126). A similar word is "chrysargyrum", a kind of money.
Asimon (Gk. ἄσημον)
In Mishnah, Talmud, and Midrash, an unstamped (silver) coin (Krauss, l.c. p. 86). The word may, however, be related to the Syriac language "sema," which means simply "silver" (Payne Smith, "Thesaurus Syriacus," p. 2494). By "asem" the Egyptians indicated a compound of gold and silver (Greek ἤλεκτρον); and the Septuagint translates the Hebrew "ḥashmal" similarly.
Niska
A bar of gold or silver; occurs a dozen times in the Babylonian Talmud (Jastrow, l.c. p. 917). According to J. Halévy (in "M. Scienc. Ling." xi. 73), "niska" is Sanskrit language, and means "moneybag." The Greek βέλος also indicates "lumps" or "bars" (Krauss, l.c. p. 141; comp. the Greek μέδρος =Latin "massa" in Blümner, "Technologie," iv. 219).
'Eshet and 'Ashashit
Especially frequent terms (Kohut, l.c. vi. 281; Jastrow, l.c. p. 1127), meaning "lumps" or "plates" or something similar (comp. Yoma 34b). Plates of iron were warmed (for the high priest); iron plates are spoken of also in 'Ab. Zarah 16a. It is therefore natural to connect these words with the Biblical Hebrew "'eshet" (Ezek. xxvii. 19) = "hard iron"; since the idea "hard" seems certainly to be contained in it. In Men. 28b it is stated that the lamp of the sanctuary might be made of "'eshet" as well as of gold; but "'eshet" can not mean "iron," since it is classed above silver, unless indeed iron on account of its rarity was more valued than silver or even than gold. The metal must also have cast a reflection; for the lamp itself ("candela") is called "'ashasit". The plates, whether of iron, silver, or gold, must, therefore, have been highly polished, somewhat like the ancient mirrors.
Obryzon (Greek ὄβρυζον)
Pure gold; a term occurringonce in the Targum (Krauss, l.c. p. 14), and used also in Syriac and Arabic. Χρυσάργυρον, money called "gold-silver", occurs also in rabbinical writings (Krauss, l.c. p. 298).
Marteka
Silver-slag (Giṭ. 69-b).

[edit] Comparison

ModE OE Du., LG ModHG / nhd. OHG / ahd. Nordic PG Cz. Pol. Russ. L & Romance languages Heb. Hung. Japanese
silver Du.; zilver : Plattdeutsch: Sülver
OS / as.		 Silber MHG / mhd. ON.; [[]] :

Dan.; sølv :
Swed.; silver :
Norw.; sølv/sylv :

Icel.;  :		 stříbro [cs] / Sk. striebro < *srjebro srebro serebro-, sereb- L.; argentum :

Rom.: [[]] :
F.: [[]] :
Sp.: [[]] :

Port.: [[]] :		 כֶּסֶףֿ kesef ezüst (銀 gin?)

[edit] Silber

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
  • Silber, a character from the Buriki One series of video games
  • Silber (band), German group
  • Gold und Silber, see Gold and Silver
Last names

[edit] Zilber, Zylber

Zilber, Zylber, Зильбер, זילבּער, Zilver, Zyłwer:

Zilber
Zylber
  • Filip Zylber

[edit] Zilbernik

Zilbernik, *Zylbernik, *Silbernik/*Silbernick:

[edit] Silberer

Silberer, Silverer, Zilberer, Zylberer:

  • Geza Silberer/Géza Silberer, pseudonym: Sil-Vara (born December 1, 1876, Werschetz/Versec/Vršac, Banat - April 5, 1938, Wien), Hungarian-Austrian journalist, writer
  • Herbert Silberer
  • (Miriam) Rose Silberer (born January 4, 1893, Wien - n. e.), Austrian sculptor, writer
  • Victor Silberer/Viktor Silberer (born October 25, 1846, Wien - April 11, 1924, Wien), Austrian publicist, aeronaut

[edit] Silbert

Silbert, Zilbert, Zylbert, *Silvert:

[edit] Silberbauer

Silberbauer, *Silverbauer, *Zilberbauer, *Zylberbojer:

  • Fritz Silberbauer (born December 4, 1883, Leibnitz, Steiermark - December 31, 1974, Graz), Austrian painter
  • Michael Silberbauer, Danish footballer

[edit] Silberg

Silberg, Zilberg, *Zylberg, Silberger, *Zilberger, *Zylberger:

Place names
Human names
  • David Silberg
  • Inez Silberg
  • Joel Silberg
  • Paul A. Silberg / Paul Silberg
  • Tusse Silberg
Zilberg

[edit] Silberger

  • Don Silberger, Donald Silberger

[edit] Silberberg

See Silberberg article

[edit] Silberburg

Silberburg, Silverburg:

  • Silberburg-Verlag
  • Albert Silverburg
  • Ceasar Silverburg
  • Elenor Silverburg
  • Leon Silverburg
  • Miles Silverburg

[edit] Silberfeld

[edit] Silbergleit

Silbergleit:

[edit] Silberhuber

Silberhuber, *Zilberhuber/Zylberhuber:

  • Anton Silberhuber (born June 8, 1839, Wien - March 7, 1899, Wien), Austrian tourism-expert (Tourismusfachmann)

[edit] Silbermann

See Silbermann article

[edit] Silbernagel

Silbernagel, Silbernagl:

  • Isidor Silbernagl (born October 12, 1831, Landshut - April 6, 1904, München), Catholic theologian
  • Johann Jakob Silbernagl (born January 6, 1837, Bozen/Bolzano, Südtirol - March 27, 1915, Andrian, Südtirol), Tyrolean-Austrian sculptor

[edit] Silberschatz

Silberschatz, Silbershatz, *Silvershatz, Zilbershatz/Zilbershats/*Zylberszac (cf. Schatz/Shatz):

  • Hélène Zylberszac/Helene Zylberszac/Helen Zylberszac

[edit] Silberschmidt

;Supposed forms:
/ schmidt
szmidt		 schmiet
schmiedt		 schmid
szmid		 schmit
szmit		 schmitt
szmitt		 smidt
shmit		 smid
smith
Silber Silberschmidt
Silberszmidt		 Silberschmiet
Silberschmiedt		 Silberschmid
Silberszmid		 Silberschmit
Silberszmit		 Silberschmitt
Silberszmitt		 Silbersmidt
Silbershmit		 Silbersmid
Silbersmith
Zilber Zilberschmidt
Zilberszmidt		 Zilberschmiet
Zilberschmiedt		 Zilberschmid
Zilberszmid		 Zilberschmit
Zilberszmit		 Zilberschmitt
Zilberszmitt		 Zilbersmidt
Zilbershmit		 Zilbersmid
Zilbersmith
Zylber schmidt
szmidt		 schmiet
schmiedt		 schmid
szmid		 schmit
szmit		 schmitt
szmitt		 smidt
shmit		 smid
smith
Silver Silverschmidt
Silverszmidt		 Silverschmiet
Silverschmiedt		 Silverschmid
Silverszmid		 Silverschmit
Silverszmit		 Silverschmitt
Silverszmitt		 Silversmidt
Silvershmit		 Silversmid
Silversmith

[edit] Silberstein

Silberstein, Silverstein:

  • Adolf Silberstein, or Ötvös Adolf (July 1, 1845, Budapest - January 12, 1899, Budapest), Jewish Hungarian art critic and writer ([])
  • August (Karl) Silberstein (born July 1/5?, 1827, Ofen/Buda - March 8, 1900, Wien), Austrian journalist, writer
  • Laurence Silberstein
  • Marc Silberstein
  • Matan Silberstein
  • Michael Silberstein (November 21, 1834, Witzenhausen, Hesse-Nassau - ), German rabbi ([2])
  • Robert Ellis Silberstein, see Rhonda Ross Kendrick
  • Solomon Silberstein (March 10, 1845, Kovno - ), Lithuanian-American rabbi, philosophical writer ([3])
  • Stephen Silberstein

[edit] Silverstein

[edit] Zylberstein

Zylberstein, Zilberstein:

[edit] Silbertag

Silbertag, *Silvertag, Zilbertag, *Zilbertog, *Zylbertag, *Zylbertog:

[edit] Silberzweig

Silberzweig, Zylbercwejg:

  • Zalmen Zylbercweig

[edit] Feinsilber

Feinsilber, Feinzilber/Feinzylber, *Finesilber/*Finesilver:

See also Fein-
  • Mark Feinsilber

[edit] Feinsilberg

  • Ilia Ilf (Il'ya Faynzil'berg)
  • Jacob Zilberg-Feinzilberg/Jacob Feinzilberg
    • Kimberly Dawn Feinzilberg/Kimberly Feinzilberg

[edit] Other forms

  • Joseph ben Abba Mari ben Joseph ben Jacob Caspi, Provençal exegete, grammarian, and philosopher (Caspi (כַּסְפִּי) means "made of silver") ([4])

[edit] References

(Metals article)

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

Jewish Encyclopedia
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