Sila Mountains
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sila is the name of a mountain range-plateau and a historical region in Calabria, southern Italy. It occupies part of the provinces of Crotone, Cosenza and Catanzaro, and is divided (from north to south) into the Sila Greca, Sila Grande and Sila Piccola ("Greek", "Greater" and "Lesser Sila", respectively) sub-ranges. The highest peaks are the Botte Donato (1,928 m), in the Sila Grande, and Monte Gariglione (1,764 m) in the Sila Piccola.
The Sila houses the eponymous National Park, the Parco Nazionale della Sila, formerly called National Park of Calabria and created in 2002.
[edit] History
The first known settlers of the Sila plateau were the Bruttii, an ancient tribe of shepherds and farmers. After the destruction of Sybaris in 510 BC, Rome began to extend its sphere of influence over Calabria, Sila included. Later it was occupied in turn by the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines and, from the 11th century, the Normans. The latter favoured the creation of several monasteries, like the Matina of San Marco Argentano, the Sambucina at Luzzi and the Florense Abbey at San Giovanni in Fiore, built by Joachim of Fiore.
In 1448-1535 immigrants from Albania settled the area towards the Ionian Sea, creating the so-called community of Sila Greca ("Greek Sila"). Today the communes in Sila in which Albanian language is preserved are 30.
After the annexation to the kingdom of Italy (late 19th century), Sila became a base of brigandage. New routes were opened to reduce the isolation of the mountain centres, which was dramatic especially in winter: these included the Paola-Cosenza-Crotone road, and hig mountain railways such as the Cosenza-Camigliatello Silano-San Giovanni in Fiore narrow gauge line, operated by the Ferrovie Calabro Lucane, and the Paola-Cosenza rack railway, operated by Ferrovie dello Stato.
Today several centres are becoming touristic resorts.
