Siege of Sidney Street
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Siege of Sidney Street, popularly known as the "Battle of Stepney", was a notorious gunfight in London's East End in 1911. It ended with the deaths of most of the members of an anarchist gang, and sparked a major political row over the involvement of the Home Secretary, Winston Churchill.
Contents |
[edit] The course of the siege
The street battle was started by a small gang of Latvian anarchists under the leadership of Peter Piaktow, better known as Peter the Painter. In December of 1910 they planned to rob a jeweller's shop at Houndsditch by tunnelling through the wall of an adjacent building. On December 16, someone heard their hammering and informed the City of London Police. When the unarmed constables arrived, one was fatally shot, and in an ensuing fight on the street, two others were killed ("the Houndsditch murders"). {Sgts Bentley; Tucker and Constable Choate}. Most of the members of the gang escaped, although their original leader, George Gardstein, was fatally shot by one of his own men. An intense search followed, and several members of the gang were soon captured.
On 2 January 1911, an informant told police that two or three of the gang, possibly including Peter the Painter himself, were hiding at 100 Sidney Street, Stepney (in the Metropolitan Police District). Worried that the suspects were about to flee, and expecting heavy resistance to any attempt at capture, on 3 January two hundred men cordoned off the area and the siege began. At dawn the battle commenced.
The defenders, though heavily outnumbered, possessed superior weapons and great stores of ammunition. The Tower of London was called for backup, and word got to Home Secretary Winston Churchill, who arrived on the spot to observe the incident first hand, and to offer advice. Churchill authorized calling in a detachment of Scots Guards to assist the police. Six hours into the battle, a fire began to consume the building. When the fire brigade arrived Churchill refused them access to the building. The police stood ready, guns aimed at the front door, waiting for the men inside to attempt their escape. The door never opened. Inside the remains of two members of the gang, Fritz Svaars and William Sokolow, were recovered (both were also known by numerous aliases). No sign of Peter the Painter was ever found.
[edit] Aftermath
Five people were later put on trial, accused of belonging to the robbery gang, but were acquitted. One of them was Jacob Peters, who later returned home and after the October Revolution served as deputy head of the Cheka.
The role Churchill played in the Sidney Street Siege was highly controversial at the time, and many, including former Prime Minister Arthur Balfour, accused him of having acted improperly. A famous photograph from the time shows Churchill peering around a corner to view events. Balfour asked, "He [Churchill] and a photographer were both risking valuable lives. I understand what the photographer was doing but what was the Right Honourable gentleman doing?"
The outgunning of the British Police led to them dropping their Webley revolvers in favour of Webley semi-automatics in London.
[edit] On film
Much of the siege was captured by newsreel cameras and later shown at the Palace Theatre, London under the billing, "Mr Churchill in the danger zone".
The events were also depicted in a movie, The Siege of Sidney Street, in 1960 and recreated in Alfred Hitchcock's original 1934 version of The Man Who Knew Too Much (but not his own 1956 remake).
[edit] Books
- The Houndsditch Murders and the Siege of Sidney Street, Donald Rumbelow, ISBN 0-491-03178-5
- The Battle of Stepney, Colin Rogers, ISBN 0-7091-9146-4
