Shoshone

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Shoshone around their tipi, probably taken around 1890

"Shoshone Indians at Ft. Washakie, Wyoming Indian reservation. Chief Washakie (at left) extends his right arm." Some of the Shoshones are dancing as the soldiers look on, 1892.

This article is about the Native American tribe. For other uses, see Shoshone (disambiguation).

There are three large divisions of the Shoshone - the Northern, the Western and the Eastern. The Northern concentrated in eastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and north-eastern Utah. The Eastern lived in Wyoming, northern Colorado and Montana. Conflict with the Blackfoot, Crow, Lakota, Cheyennes, and Arapahos pushed them south and westward after about 1750. The Western ranged from central Idaho, northwestern Utah, central Nevada, and in California about Death Valley and Panamint Valley. This group is sometimes called the Panamint. The Idaho groups of Western Shoshone were called Tukuaduka, or Sheep Eaters while the Nevada/Utah ones were called the Gosiute and the Toi Ticutta (cattail eaters).

The estimated population of Northern and Western Shoshoni was 4,500 in 1845. 3,650 Northern Shoshoni and 1,201 Western Shoshoni were counted in 1937 by the United States Office of Indian Affairs.

The Northern Shoshone fought conflicts with settlers in Idaho in the 1860s which included the Bear River Massacre and again in 1878 in the Bannock War. They fought with the U.S. Army in the 1876 Battle of the Rosebud against their traditional enemies, the Lakota and Cheyenne.

In 1982 the Western Shoshone, who also invited "unrepresented tribes", made a declaration of sovereignty and began issuing its own passports as the Western Shoshone National Council.

[edit] Reservations

Rabbit-Tail

Wind River Reservation, population 2,650 Eastern Shoshone, 2,268,008 acres (9,178 km²) of reservation in Wyoming are shared with the Northern Arapaho
Fort Hall Indian Reservation, 544,000 acres (2,201 km²) in Idaho, Lemhi and Northern Shoshone with the Bannock Indians, a Paiute band with which they have merged
Lemhi Indian Reservation (1875-1907) in Idaho, Lemhi Shoshoni, removed to Fort Hall Reservation
Duck Valley Indian Reservation, southern Idaho/northern Nevada, Western Shoshone
Ely Shoshone Indian Reservation in Ely, Nevada, 111 acres (0.45 km²), 500 members
Fallon Reservation and Colony, Fallon Paiute-Shoshone tribe, near Fallon, Nevada, 8,200 acres (33 km²), 991 members, Western Shoshone and Paiute
Goshute Indian Reservation, 111,000 acres (449 km²) in Nevada and Utah, Western Shoshone
Skull Valley Indian Reservation, 18,000 acres (73 km²) in Utah, Western Shoshone
Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation, Nevada and Oregon, Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, Nevada, 1988 acres (8 km²), total 481 member of Shoshone, Paiute, and Washoe bands
Duckwater Indian Reservation, located in Duckwater, Nevada, approximately 75 miles from Ely.
Nevada Shoshone Indian Reservation, near Carson City, Nevada, 211 members