Shomer
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A shomer (plural "Shomrim") in Halakha is a Jewish custodian. The law is in the Torah Sefer (book of) Shemos (Exodus) It is discussed in the talmud in Nezikin, tractate Bava Kama.
There are four types of shomrim:
- Shomer Chinam (Unpaid Custodian)
- Shomer Sachar (Paid Custodian)
- Shoel (Borrower)
- Socher (Renter)
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[edit] Shomer Chinam
A shomer chinam is an unpaid custodian. They must pay for damages that result from their negligence. In order to claim not to be negligent, they must go to beis din (Jewish court) and take an oath that they were not negligent. If a shomer chinam uses the object, he then becomes a shoel.
[edit] Shomer Sachar
A shomer sachar is a paid custodian. They must pay for the object if it is damaged or lost, whether as a result of negligence of their care or not. However, armed robbery is exempted from this responsibility, as it is considered beyond the custodian's reasonable control.
[edit] Shoel
A shoel is a borrower. They need to pay for the object in all circumstances if something happens to it even if it was ones. The only exception is if something happened to it as a direct result of the work done.
[edit] Socher
A socher is a renter. The laws for him are the same as the laws for a shomer Sachar.
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