Shenyang J-11
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| J-11 | |
|---|---|
| Type | Multirole Air Superiority Fighter |
| Manufacturer | Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC) |
| Designed by | Sukhoi OKB & Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC) |
| Maiden flight | 1998 |
| Status | Active service |
| Primary user | People's Liberation Army Air Force |
| Produced | 1998-Present |
| Number built | ≈100 |
| Developed from | Sukhoi Su-27SK |
The Shenyang J-11 is an advanced fighter in the People's Liberation Army Air Force. It is a licensed version of the Russian Sukhoi Su-27SK.
Contents |
[edit] History
In the 1970s, Shenyang Aircraft Factory proposed to design a light fighter powered by the British Rolls-Royce Spey 512 engine, but otherwise similar to the MiG-19 then in service. Known as the J-11, the project was abandoned due to difficulty in obtaining the engines.[1]
The new J-11 is a Chinese licensed production and development of the Russian Sukhoi Su-27SK air superiority fighter. Sukhoi originally provided kits to Shengyang Aircraft upon an agreement in 1995, but over time there were to be increasing Chinese content in the aircraft, with up to 70% of all Su-27 ordered by the PLAAF to be Chinese-made. It has been reported that Sukhoi agreed to an upgrade program, allegedly in 2001, with improved radar and attack avionics.
However, in 2004, Russian media reported that Shengyang co-production of the basic J-11 was stopped after around 100 examples were built, citing a source within the PLAAF suggesting that the basic Su-27/J-11 was no longer meeting PLAAF requirements. The PLAAF later revealed a mock-up of an upgrade J-11C in late 2002. It was equipped with Chinese anti-ship and SD-10 air-to-air missiles presumably for the role for a maritime strike aircraft.
[edit] Deployment
Currently, the PLAAF has seven divisions equipped with J-11, listed below[2]
- PLAAF 1st Air Division based in Anshan, Liaoning, equipped with the J-11
- PLAAF 2nd Air Division based in Suxi, Guangdong, equipped with the Su-27SK, Su-27UBK, and J-11
- PLAAF 6th Air Division based in Yinchuan, Ningxia, equipped with the J-11
- PLAAF 7th Air Division based in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, equipped with the J-11
- PLAAF 14th Air Division based in Zhangshu, Jiangxi, equipped with the J-11
- PLAAF 19th Air Division based in Zhengzhou, Henan, equipped with the Su-27SK, Su-27UBK, and J-11
- PLAAF 33rd Air Division based in Baishiyi, Chongqing, equipped with the Su-27UBK
[edit] Design
The aircraft is a licensed co-production of the Russian Sukhoi Su-27SK. For more information on the design of the aircraft, please see the Sukhoi Su-27 article.
[edit] Modernization
China is currently considering the use of its domestic WS-10A engine to replace the Russian Saturn Lyulka AL-31FN. The new WS-10A, reported to be an impressive 13,200kg thrust turbofan, could be in service in about 5 years. At the Zhuhai 2002 show a photo was released of a J-11 alleged to have been modified to test one WS-10A.[3] However, according to Russian media, in November of 2006, China has intentions to upgrade the current Flanker fleet's engines and is planning to source the engines either from Saturn-Lyulka with their 117S engine, a development of the Lyulka AL-31F engine, which is planned to be the powerplant for Indian Su-30MKIs, or from Salyut, with their AL-31F-M1 engine, an improved variant of the AL-31F engine.[4]
[edit] Proposed Variants
[edit] J-11B
This is believed to be a multirole version which uses more Chinese components, including radar, engine, and missiles. China is interested in reducing its reliance on foreign technology for both cost reasons and a desire to improve its domestic research and design. One regiment of J-11Bs are currently in service.
In 2002, Russian media reported that Shenyang Aircraft Industry Company was looking into replacing Russian-made J-11/Su-27SK components with domestic, Chinese-made parts. Specifically, to replace the Russian-made NIIP N001 radar with a Chinese-made fire control radar based on the Type 147X/KLJ-X family, the AL-31F engine with WS-10A, and Russian R-77 AAM's with Chinese-made SD-10 AAM's. One J-11 was photographed with an AL-31F and a WS-10A engine installed for testing in 2002. However, to date there has been no serial production of J-11 with domestic components.
[edit] J-11C
A yet-to-be-built aircraft carrier version, speculated on due to the success of the Russian Navy Su-33.
[edit] Specifications (Su-27SK)
Data from Sinodefence.com[5]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 21.94 m (72 ft 0 in)
- Wingspan: 14.70 m (48 ft 2 in)
- Height: 5.92 m (19 ft 5 in)
- Wing area: 62.04 m² (667.8 ft²)
- Empty weight: 16,380 kg (36,110 lb)
- Loaded weight: 23,140 kg (51,010 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 33,000 kg (73,000 lb)
- Powerplant: 2× Lyulka AL-31F turbofans
- Dry thrust: 74.5 kN (16,800 lbf)[6] each
- Thrust with afterburner: 123 kN (27,600 lbf)[7] each
Performance
- Maximum speed: Mach 2.35 (2,500 km/h, 1,600 mph) at 11,000 m (36,000 ft)
- Ferry range: 3,720 km (2,010 nm, 2,310 mi)
- Service ceiling: 19,000 m (62,000 ft)
- Rate of climb: 305 m/s (60,000 ft/min)
- Wing loading: 373.0 kg/m² (76.39 lb/ft²)
- Thrust/weight:
- Dry: 0.66
- With afterburner: 1.085
- G-limit: 9 g
Armament
- Guns: 1× 30 mm (1.18 in) Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 cannon
- Hardpoints: 10: 2 under fuselage, 2 under air ducts, 4 under wings, 2 on wingtips with provisions to carry combinations of:
- Missiles:
- Missiles:
- Rockets: Unguided rocket launcher
- Bombs: Free-fall cluster bombs
Avionics
- Fire-control radar: NIIP Tikhomirov N001E Myech coherent pulse Doppler radar
- OEPS-27 electro-optic system
- NSts-27 helmet-mounted sight (HMS)
- Gardeniya ECM pods
[edit] References
- ^ Collins, Jack. Chinese Fighter Development. China-defence.com. Retrieved on January 16, 2007.
- ^ Chinese 'Flanker' Fighter Deployment. Sinodefence.com (2006-11-04). Retrieved on January 16, 2007.
- ^ Richard D. Fisher, Jr. (2003-10-07). New developments in Russia-China Military Relations. United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission. Retrieved on January 16, 2007.
- ^ Su-27 Modernisation Programme. Sinodefence.com (2006-11-30). Retrieved on January 16, 2007.
- ^ Su-27 Specifications. Sinodefence.com (2006-11-04). Retrieved on January 16, 2007.
- ^ Originally measured as 7,600 kgf.
- ^ Originally measured as 12,500 kgf.
- Golan, John (2006). "China's Hidden Power: The First Half Century of PLAAF Fighter Aviation". Combat Aircraft 7: 57.
[edit] External links
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