Shell Centre
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Shell Centre, in London, United Kingdom is one of the two "central offices" of oil major Shell (the other is in The Hague). It comprises a skyscraper tower and two nine-storey wings (the "upstream building"). It also once included a separate building known as the "downstream building" but that building was disposed of by Shell in the 1990s and is now a block of residential apartments. Shell Centre is located on the Belvedere Road in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is a prominent feature on the South Bank of the River Thames near County Hall, and now forms the backdrop to the London Eye. Shell Centre was constructed in 1961, to a design by Sir Howard Robertson, and the tower stands at 107 metres (351 feet) with 27 storeys (26 numbered and a mezzanine level) and extends three storeys below ground.
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[edit] Site history and layout
Shell Centre occupies part of the site cleared for the 1951 Festival of Britain. The areas closer to the River Thames now include Jubilee Gardens and the South Bank Centre. Jubilee Gardens remained undeveloped prior to its laying out as an open space, largely because of a restrictive covenant in favour of Shell that restricts any building on the part of the site directly between the Shell Tower and the River Thames. The naming of the Shell Centre buildings perpetuated the split of the Festival site into distinct Upstream and Downstream areas - separated by the railway viaduct approach to Hungerford Bridge.
[edit] Architecture and design
The choice of Portland Stone cladding, and bronze framed individual upright windows were denounced by Modern Movement critics, and the Centre's buildings have generally been regarded as dull. However, the extremely traditional cladding has meant that the buildings have weathered better than most of their contemporaries with concrete or aggregate-faced facades or curtain-wall glazing.
The original interiors were luxuriously appointed, and as well as contributions from a British design team (many of whom had worked on the Festival of Britain), they included work by Ernesto Rogers who had worked on the Torre Velasca in Milan. Facilities for staff were lavish by the standards of the time, and the basement of the building was designed with a full size swimming pool and a spacious gymnasium. The basement also originally housed a rifle range, snooker room, a small supermarket for staff and a host of other facilities. Until 1998 there was also a fully equipped theatre which – unusually for a space dedicated to amateur productions – had full fly tower facilities. [1]
The courtyard of the Upstream Building includes two notable sculptures: "Torsion Fountain" (also known as The Shell Fontain) by Franta Belsky is a tall bronze column of shell-like forms, which once poured water into one another; and "Motorcyclist" by Siegfried Charoux — a larger than life figure of a rider astride his machine.
The public realm of the Upstream Building has been steadily degraded over the years, with the generous space between the columns of the entrance from York Road enclosed to enlarge the foyers. Textured paving in unsympathetic colours was installed in the 1980s. This was primarily to deter rough sleepers and skateboarders.
[edit] Functions of the building
Parts of Shell's business which are run from Shell Centre include refining and marketing along with a number of functional support activities such as finance and human resources. Shell Centre is also the head office of Shell’s United Kingdom business (Shell UK Ltd.) which was formerly located in Shell Mex House.
In 2004, a planning application was approved to convert the lower floors of the Upstream Building courtyard and the former staff cafeteria into a shopping centre, and to construct a contrasting new glazed office building on the Podium site to the south, which is currently a paved open space. The sculptures will be relocated.
Shell Centre has also been a place for unofficial "urban sports". The square in the middle of the complex was originally used by skateboarders, but anti-skating measures were put in place. However, freerunners continued to use it as a place to train. However, recently it has been blocked off for the building works.
