Semantic relatedness

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Main article: Semantic similarity

Computational Measures of Semantic Relatedness include:

  • Latent semantic analysis (+) vector-based, adds vectors to measure multi-word terms; (-) non-incremental vocabulary, long pre-processing times
  • Pointwise Mutual Information (+) large vocab, because it uses any search engine (like Google); (-) cannot measure relatedness between whole sentences or documents
  • GLSA (+) vector-based, adds vectors to measure multi-word terms; (-) non-incremental vocabulary, long pre-processing times
  • ICAN (+) incremental, network-based measure, good for spreading activation, accounts for second-order relatedness; (-) cannot measure relatedness between multi-word terms, long pre-processing times
  • NGD (+) large vocab, because it uses any search engine (like Google); (-) cannot measure relatedness between whole sentences or documents
  • WordNet: (+) humanly constructed; (-) humanly constructed (not automatically learned), cannot measure relatedness between multi-word term, non-incremental vocabulary

Contents

[edit] Google distance

Google distance is a measure of semantic interrelatedness derived from the number of hits returned by the Google search engine for a given set of keywords. Keywords with the same or similar meanings in a natural language sense tend to be "close" in units of Google distance, while words with dissimilar meanings tend to be farther apart.

Specifically, the normalized Google distance between two search terms x and y is

\operatorname{NGD}(x,y) = \frac{\max\{\log f(x), \log f(y)\} - \log f(x,y)} {\log M - \min\{\log f(x), \log f(y)\}}

where M is the total number of web pages searched by Google; f(x) and f(y) are the number of hits for search terms x and y, respectively; and f(xy) is the number of web pages on which both x and y occur.

If the two search terms x and y never occur together on the same web page, but do occur separately, the normalized Google distance between them is infinite. If both terms always occur together, their NGD is zero.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

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  • Lee, M. D., Pincombe, B., & Welsh, M. (2005). An empirical evaluation of models of text document similarity. In B. G. Bara & L. Barsalou & M. Bucciarelli (Eds.), 27th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci2005 (pp. 1254-1259). Austin, Tx: The Cognitive Science Society, Inc.
  • Lemaire, B., & Denhiére, G. (2004). Incremental construction of an associative network from a corpus. In K. D. Forbus & D. Gentner & T. Regier (Eds.), 26th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci2004. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Publisher.
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  • Turney, P. (2001). Mining the Web for Synonyms: PMI versus LSA on TOEFL. In L. De Raedt & P. Flach (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twelfth European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML-2001) (pp. 491-502). Freiburg, Germany.
  • Veksler, V.D. & Gray, W.D. (2006). Test Case Selection for Evaluating Measures of Semantic Distance. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci2006.

[edit] Google distance references

[edit] External links