Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/September
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| An archive of historical anniversaries that appeared on the Main Page 2007 day arrangement |
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September 1: Start of the Liturgical year in the Eastern Orthodox Church; Constitution Day in Slovakia; Independence Day in Uzbekistan.
- 1715 - Louis XIV of France (pictured), the "Sun King", died after a reign of 72 years, longer than any other French or other major European monarch.
- 1923 - The Great Kanto earthquake devastated Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 100,000 people.
- 1939 - Germany launched the Polish Campaign and attacked Poland at Wieluń and Westerplatte, starting World War II.
- 1951 - Australia, New Zealand and the United States signed a mutual defence pact known as the ANZUS Treaty.
- 1983 - The civilian airliner Korean Air Flight 007, carrying 246 passengers and 23 crew, was shot down by Soviet fighter aircraft near Sakhalin island.
Recent days: August 31 – August 30 – August 29
September 2: National Day for Vietnam (1945)
- 31 BC - Troops under Octavian defeated the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra in the naval Battle of Actium.
- 1666 - Great Fire of London: A large fire began in London and burned for three days, destroying 10,000 buildings, including St. Paul's Cathedral, but only 16 people are known to have died.
- 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: Napoleon III of France was captured after the Battle of Sedan; the Second French Empire collapsed within days.
- 1898 - Forces led by Horatio Kitchener (pictured) defeated Sudanese tribesmen at the Battle of Omdurman, establishing British dominance in northeastern Africa.
- 1945 - The Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on the deck of the USS Missouri, formally ending World War II.
Recent days: September 1 – August 31 – August 30
September 3: Father's Day in Australia and New Zealand (2006); Independence Day in Qatar (1971); Armed Forces Day in Taiwan.
- 301 - San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world's oldest republic still in existence, was founded by Saint Marinus.
- 1260 - Mamluk forces defeated a Mongol army in Palestine in the Battle of Ain Jalut, marking the point of maximum westward expansion of the Mongol Empire.
- 1783 - The signing of the Treaty of Paris formally ended the American Revolutionary War.
- 1901 - The National Flag of Australia (pictured), a Blue Ensign defaced with the Commonwealth Star and the Southern Cross, flew for the first time in Melbourne.
- 1950 - Giuseppe Farina becomes the first Formula One world champion.
- 1976 - The Viking 2 spacecraft landed on Mars and took the first close-up, color photos of the planet's surface.
Recent days: September 2 – September 1 – August 31
September 4: Labor Day in the United States and Labour Day in Canada (2006)
- 476 - Romulus Augustus, the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was deposed.
- 1260 - Florence and Siena fought in the Battle of Montaperti, as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines.
- 1886 - After years of fighting against the U.S. Army and the armed forces of Mexico, Geronimo (pictured) of the Chiricahua Apache surrendered in Arizona.
- 1956 - The IBM RAMAC 305, the first commercial computer that used magnetic disk storage, was introduced.
- 1972 - Mark Spitz won his seventh swimming gold medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, becoming the first Olympian to win seven gold medals at the same Olympic games.
Recent days: September 3 – September 2 – September 1
1888: George Eastman registers the trademark known today as Kodak. He is granted the patent of his new camera using roll technology. view - talk - edit - history
September 5: Teachers' Day in India
- 1793 - French Revolution: The National Convention voted to implement terror measures, beginning the Reign of Terror.
- 1836 - Sam Houston (pictured) was elected as President of the Republic of Texas.
- 1905 - The Treaty of Portsmouth was signed at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in New Hampshire, USA, officially ending the Russo-Japanese War.
- 1972 - Munich Massacre: A Palestinian terrorist group called "Black September" attacked Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games.
- 1977 - NASA launched the Voyager 1 spaceprobe, currently the most distant man-made object from Earth.
Recent days: September 4 – September 3 – September 2
September 6: Independence Day in Swaziland (flag pictured) (1968); Defence Day in Pakistan; Unification Day in Bulgaria; Stillbirth Remembrance Day in Canada & the United States.
- 394 - The Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeated the pagan usurper Eugenius in the Battle of Frigidus.
- 1522 - The Victoria returned to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain, with Juan Sebastián Elcano and 17 survivors of Ferdinand Magellan's 265-man expedition, becoming the first ship to circumnavigate the globe.
- 1955 - Ethnic Greeks in Istanbul were attacked by an overwhelming Turkish mob during the Istanbul Pogrom.
- 1995 - Baltimore Oriole shortstop Cal Ripken, Jr. played his 2131st consecutive major league baseball game, breaking the 56-year old record set by New York Yankee first baseman Lou Gehrig.
- 2000 - The Millennium Summit, a meeting of world leaders to discuss the role of the United Nations in the turn of the twenty-first century, opened.
Recent days: September 5 – September 4 – September 3
September 7: Independence Day in Brazil (1822).
- 1191 - Ayyubid forces under Saladin were defeated in the Battle of Arsuf during the Third Crusade.
- 1821 - The Republic of Colombia , a federation covering much of present-day Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador, was established, with Simón Bolívar as the founding President and Francisco de Paula Santander as vice president.
- 1901 - With Peking occupied by foreign troops after the Boxer Rebellion, Qing China was forced to sign the Boxer Protocol, an unequal treaty with the Eight-Nation Alliance.
- 1940 - The Blitz began when Nazi Germany's bombs landed on London, the first of 57 consecutive nights of bombing.
- 1986 - Desmond Tutu (pictured) became the first black person to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa.
Recent days: September 6 – September 5 – September 4
September 8: Independence Day in the Republic of Macedonia (1991); Victory Day in Malta; National Day in Andorra; International Literacy Day.
- 1331 - Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (pictured) of the House of Nemanjić was crowned King of Serbia.
- 1504 - David, a marble sculpture by Michelangelo, was unveiled in Florence.
- 1888 - The inaugural season of The Football League in England began.
- 1900 - The Great Galveston Hurricane, one of the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes, struck Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people.
- 1978 - Eighty-eight demonstrators in Tehran were killed on Black Friday in the Iranian Revolution.
Recent days: September 7 – September 6 – September 5
September 9: Republic Day in North Korea (1948), Independence Day in Tajikistan (1991).
- 1000 - King Olaf I of Norway fell overboard during the Battle of Svolder and disappeared in the Baltic Sea.
- 1513 - King James IV of Scotland (pictured right) was killed at the Battle of Flodden Field in Northumberland while leading an invasion of England.
- 1850 - As part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted into the United States as a free state.
- 2004 - A car bomb exploded outside the Australian embassy, killing at least 9 people and injuring 140 others in the Jakarta embassy bombing.
Recent days: September 8 – September 7 – September 6
September 10: National Grandparents' Day in the United States (2006)
- 1813 - War of 1812: An American fleet led by Oliver Hazard Perry scored a decisive victory in the Battle of Lake Erie.
- 1897 - A peaceful labor demonstration made up of mostly Polish and Slovak anthracite coal miners in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States, was fired upon by a sheriff's posse comitatus in the Lattimer Massacre.
- 1898 - Empress Elisabeth of Austria (pictured) was fatally stabbed in Geneva, Switzerland.
- 1960 - Mickey Mantle hit what was originally thought to be the longest home run in major league baseball, an estimated 643 feet.
- 1990 - Africa's largest church, the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, was consecrated by Pope John Paul II.
Recent days: September 9 – September 8 – September 7
September 11: New Year's Day in the Coptic and the Ethiopian calendars, National Day of Catalonia, Teacher's Day in parts of Latin America.
- 1297 - Scots under William Wallace defeated English troops in the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
- 1857 - Paiutes and Mormon militias killed about 120 California-bound pioneers in a wagon train in the Mountain Meadows massacre.
- 1922 - The British Mandate of Palestine began.
- 1973 - A military coup in Chile headed by Augusto Pinochet overthrew the government of President Salvador Allende.
- 2001 - September 11 attacks: Three passenger airliners were hijacked to destroy the World Trade Center in New York City (pictured) and part of The Pentagon in Washington, D.C.; a fourth aircraft crashed in Pennsylvania. In total, almost 3,000 people were killed.
Recent days: September 10 – September 9 – September 8
September 12: National Day in Cape Verde
- 1683 - Great Turkish War: Polish troops led by Jan III Sobieski (pictured) joined forces with a Habsburg army to defeat the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vienna.
- 1933 - Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceived of the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.
- 1942 - The Laconia incident: A U-boat sank RMS Laconia with a torpedo off the coast of West Africa and attempted to rescue the passengers, which included some 80 civilians, 160 Polish and 268 British soldiers and about 1800 Italian POWs.
- 1977 - South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko was killed in police custody.
- 1992 - Abimael Guzmán, leader of the Peruvian Maoist guerrilla organization Shining Path, was captured in Lima.
Recent days: September 11 – September 10 – September 9
- 533 - Belisarius and his legions defeated Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimum near Carthage, and began the "Reconquest of the West" under Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I.
- 1814 - The bombardment of Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner," which later became the national anthem of the United States.
- 1847 - Mexican-American War: Six teenagers known as Los Niños Héroes fought to their death defending the military academy at Castillo de Chapultepec in Mexico City during the Battle of Chapultepec.
- 1987 - Goiânia accident: A radioactive item was stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating hundreds of people.
- 1993 - After rounds of secret negotiations in Norway, PLO leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (pictured with U.S. President Bill Clinton) formally signed the Oslo Peace Accords.
Recent days: September 12 – September 11 – September 10
- 786 - Harun al-Rashid (pictured) became the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi.
- 1752 - The British Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (September 2 was followed directly by September 14).
- 1812 - Napoleon's invasion of Russia: Napoleon and his Grande Armée captured Moscow, only to find the city deserted and burning.
- 1959 - The Soviet spacecraft Luna 2 crashed onto and became the first man-made object to reach the Moon.
- 1960 - The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.
Recent days: September 13 – September 12 – September 11
September 15: Independence Day for Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador (1821), Battle of Britain Day in the United Kingdom.
- 1831 - The John Bull (pictured), currently the oldest operable steam locomotive in the world, ran for the first time.
- 1835 - Aboard HMS Beagle, Charles Darwin reached the Galápagos Islands, where he began to develop his theories of evolution.
- 1916 - Tanks, the "secret weapons" of the British Army during World War I, were first used in combat at the Battle of the Somme.
- 1935 - Nazi Germany enacted the Nuremberg Laws, which deprived German Jews of citizenship, and adopted a new national flag emblazoned with a swastika.
- 1950 - Korean War: U.S. armed forces landed at Incheon, Korea.
Recent days: September 14 – September 13 – September 12
September 16: Dieciséis de septiembre in Mexico (1810), Independence Day in Papua New Guinea (1975).
- 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr was proclaimed Prince of Wales and instigated a revolt against the rule of Henry IV of England.
- 1810 - Miguel Hidalgo (statue pictured), the parish priest in Dolores, Guanajuato, delivered the Grito de Dolores to his congregation, instigating the Mexican War of Independence against Spain.
- 1941 - Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
- 1963 - Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore merged to form Malaysia.
- 1982 - A Lebanese militia led by Elie Hobeika carried out a massacre in the Palestinian refugee camp of Sabra and Shatila.
Recent days: September 15 – September 14 – September 13
September 17: Constitution Day and Citizenship Day in the United States.
- 1809 - The Treaty of Fredrikshamn concluded the Finnish War between Russia and Sweden, with Finland becoming an autonomous Grand Duchy under Tsar Alexander I.
- 1894 - The Imperial Japanese Navy and the Beiyang Fleet of Qing China clashed in the Battle of Yalu River, the largest naval engagement of the First Sino-Japanese War.
- 1916 - World War I: "The Red Baron", a flying ace of the German Luftstreitkräfte, won his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France.
- 1939 - The Soviet Union joined Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland.
- 1978 - President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel signed the Camp David Accords after twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David (pictured with President Jimmy Carter of the United States).
Recent days: September 16 – September 15 – September 14
September 18: Respect for the Aged Day in Japan (2006); National Day in Chile.
- 96 - Nerva was appointed by the Senate to become Roman Emperor, the first of the Five Good Emperors.
- 1850 - The United States Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act.
- 1895 - Daniel David Palmer (pictured) made the first chiropractic adjustment.
- 1931 - The Mukden Incident: A section of the Japanese-built South Manchuria Railway was allegedly destroyed by Chinese terrorists, providing an excuse for the Japanese occupation of Manchuria.
- 1998 - The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), a non-profit organization that manages the assignment of domain names and IP addresses in the Internet, was established.
Recent days: September 17 – September 16 – September 15
September 19: Independence Day in Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983), Armed Forces Day in Chile, International Talk Like a Pirate Day, Prinsjesdag in Netherlands.
- 1356 - Hundred Years' War: Despite a shortage of arrows, English and Welsh forces led by Edward the Black Prince decisively won the Battle of Poitiers and captured King Jean II of France.
- 1692 - Giles Corey, who had refused to enter a plea, was pressed to his death during the Salem witch trials.
- 1893 - New Zealand became the first country to introduce universal suffrage, following the women's suffrage movement led by Kate Sheppard.
- 1982 - ":-)" and ":-(" were first proposed by Scott Fahlman for use as emoticons .
- 1995 - The Manifesto of "Unabomber" Ted Kaczynski (police sketch pictured) was published in The Washington Post and The New York Times, almost three months after it was submitted.
Recent days: September 18 – September 17 – September 16
- 1378 - Papal Schism: Unhappy with Pope Urban VI (pictured), a group of cardinals started a rival papacy with the election of Antipope Clement VII, throwing the Roman Catholic Church into turmoil.
- 1854 - The Crimean War began with a Franco-British victory over Russian forces in the Battle of Alma.
- 1870 - The Bersaglieri entered Rome, ending the temporal power of the Pope and completing the unification of Italy.
- 1906 - The ocean liner RMS Mauretania, the largest and fastest ship in the world at the time, was launched in Newcastle, England.
- 1973 - Billie Jean King defeated Bobby Riggs in straight sets before 30,492 spectators at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas in an internationally televised tennis match dubbed the "Battle of the Sexes".
Recent days: September 19 – September 18 – September 17
September 21: International Day of Peace and Peace One Day; Independence Day in Malta (1964), Belize (1981) & Armenia (1991).
- 1792 - French Revolution: The National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy, and the First Republic was proclaimed.
- 1823 - According to Joseph Smith, Jr., the angel Moroni appeared to him and revealed the location of the hidden Golden Plates, which contained the ancient sacred texts of the Book of Mormon.
- 1898 - The Hundred Days' Reform in China was abruptly terminated when Empress Dowager Cixi (pictured) forced the reform-minded Guangxu Emperor into seclusion and took over the government as regent.
- 1937 - J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit, a predecessor to The Lord of the Rings, was first published.
- 1942 - The prototype model of the B-29 Superfortress flew for the first time.
Recent days: September 20 – September 19 – September 18
September 22: Rosh Hashanah, 5767 begins at sunset (Judaism, 2006); Independence Day in Bulgaria (1908) and Mali (1960); Car Free Day in Europe & Canada.
- 1776 - Captain Nathan Hale, an American Revolutionary spy from the Continental Army, was hanged by British forces.
- 1792 - France adopted the Republican Calendar.
- 1869 - Das Rheingold, the first of four operas in Der Ring des Nibelungen by German composer Richard Wagner (pictured), was first performed in Munich.
- 1980 - Iraq launched an invasion of Iran, starting the Iran-Iraq War.
Recent days: September 21 – September 20 – September 19
September 23: Vernal or Autumnal Equinox at 04:03 UTC in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, respectively; Ramadan begins at sunset (Islam, 2006).
- 1459 - Yorkist forces led by Richard Neville won the Battle of Blore Heath in Staffordshire, England, the first major battle of the Wars of the Roses.
- 1845 - Origins of baseball: Alexander Cartwright organized the first "base ball" team, the New York Knickerbockers.
- 1846 - The planet Neptune was discovered by astronomers Urbain Le Verrier, Johann Gottfried Galle and John Couch Adams.
- 1868 - Ramón Emeterio Betances (pictured) led the Grito de Lares, a revolt against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico.
- 1932 - Hejaz and Nejd were merged and renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with Ibn Saud as the first monarch and Riyadh as the capital city.
Recent days: September 22 – September 21 – September 20
September 24: Independence Day in Guinea-Bissau (1973), Republic Day in Trinidad and Tobago (1976), Heritage Day in South Africa.
- 622 - Muhammad and his followers from Mecca completed their Hijra to Medina.
- 1664 - Anglo-Dutch Wars: The Netherlands surrendered to England New Amsterdam, a fortified settlement in the New Netherland colony that would later become New York City.
- 1841 - The Sultan of Brunei granted Sarawak to British adventurer James Brooke.
- 1903 - Alfred Deakin became the second Prime Minister of Australia, succeeding Edmund Barton who left office to become a founding justice of the High Court of Australia.
- 1988 - Ben Johnson finished the 100 m sprint at the Seoul Olympics in a world record time of 9.79 seconds (pictured), ahead of rivals Carl Lewis and Linford Christie, but was later disqualified for doping.
Recent days: September 23 – September 22 – September 21
September 25: Centenary of the birth of Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich (pictured) (1906)
- 1066 - Harold Godwinson of England defeated Harald Hardråde of Norway in Yorkshire in the Battle of Stamford Bridge, marking the end of Viking invasions of Great Britain.
- 1396 - Ottoman forces under Bayezid I defeated a Christian alliance led by Sigismund of Hungary in the Battle of Nicopolis near present-day Nikopol, Bulgaria.
- 1513 - Conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa, upon a peak in presentday Darién, Panama, became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean, which he named Mar del Sur, or South Sea.
- 1962 - The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria was formally proclaimed. Ferhat Abbas was elected President of the provisional government, with Ahmed Ben Bella as Prime Minister.
- 1996 - The last Magdalen Asylum in Ireland was closed.
Recent days: September 24 – September 23 – September 22
September 26: European Day of Languages
- 1580 - The Golden Hind sailed into Plymouth, England, as Francis Drake (pictured) completed his circumnavigation of the globe.
- 1687 - The Parthenon in Athens was partially destroyed during an armed conflict between Venetian and Ottoman forces.
- 1907 - Newfoundland and New Zealand became dominions within the British Empire.
- 1957 - West Side Story, a musical written by Arthur Laurents, Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim, and produced and directed by Jerome Robbins, made its debut on Broadway.
- 1983 - Lieutenant Colonel Stanislav Petrov of the Soviet Union averted a possible worldwide nuclear war.
Recent days: September 25 – September 24 – September 23
September 27: Meskel in Ethiopia and Eritrea; World Tourism Day.
- 1825 - Locomotion No. 1 (pictured) hauled the first train on opening day of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the first railway to use steam locomotives and carry passengers.
- 1905 - Albert Einstein published the article "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", introducing the equation E=mc².
- 1940 - World War II: The Tripartite Pact was signed in Berlin by the major Axis Powers — Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan.
- 1983 - Richard Stallman announced the GNU project to develop a free Unix-like operating system.
- 1988 - Led by Aung San Suu Kyi, the National League for Democracy was founded in Burma (now known as Myanmar).
Recent days: September 26 – September 25 – September 24
September 28: St. Wenceslas Day in the Czech Republic, Teacher's Day in Taiwan.
- 1066 - Norman Conquest: William the Conqueror and his fleet of around 600 ships reached England and landed at Pevensey, Sussex.
- 1106 - Henry I of England decisively defeated his older brother Robert Curthose, the Duke of Normandy in the Battle of Tinchebray, and claimed Normandy as a possession of the English crown.
- 1542 - Portuguese explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo (pictured), the first European to travel along the coast of California, landed on what is now the U.S. city of San Diego.
- 1972 - Paul Henderson scored the game-winning goal against Vladislav Tretiak, securing a Canadian victory in the Summit Series over the Soviet ice hockey team.
- 1994 - The ferry M/S Estonia sank while commuting between Tallinn, Estonia, and Stockholm, Sweden, claiming 852 lives in one of the worst maritime accidents in the Baltic Sea.
Recent days: September 27 – September 26 – September 25
- 61 BC - In Rome, Pompey the Great celebrated triumphs over pirates in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and in the war against king Mithridates VI of Pontus in Asia Minor, with enormous parades of spoils, prisoners, army and banners depicting battle scenes. It was also his 45th birthday.
- 1829 - The Metropolitan Police of London, also known as the Met, was founded by Robert Peel (pictured).
- 1938 - The Munich Agreement was signed, stipulating that Czechoslovakia must cede the Sudetenland to Germany.
- 1941 - The Babi Yar massacre began in Kiev, Ukraine.
- 1964 - Mafalda, a comic strip by Quino, was first published in newspapers in Argentina.
Recent days: September 28 – September 27 – September 26
September 30: Independence Day in Botswana (1966)
- 1399 - The Duke of Lancaster deposed Richard II to become Henry IV of England, merging the Duchy of Lancaster with the crown.
- 1939 - World War II: General Władysław Sikorski (pictured) became Prime Minister of the Polish government in exile.
- 1966 - Seretse Khama became the first President of Botswana when the Bechuanaland Protectorate gained independence from the United Kingdom.
- 1980 - Ethernet specifications were first published by Xerox, Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation.
- 1991 - Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide was overthrown in a coup d'état and replaced by General Raoul Cédras. A large-scale exodus of boat people ensued.
Recent days: September 29 – September 28 – September 27
