Selene
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In Greek mythology, Selene (Σελήνη, "moon"; Modern Greek pronunciation IPA: [sɛ'liː.niː]) was an archaic lunar deity and the daughter of the titans Hyperion and Theia.[1] In Roman mythology the moon goddess Luna.
Like most moon deities, Selene plays a fairly large role in her pantheon. However, Selene was eventually largely supplanted by Artemis, and Luna by Diana. In the collection known as the Homeric hymns, there is a Hymn to Selene (xxxii), paired with the hymn to Helios; in its Selene is addressed as "far-winged", an epithet ordinarily applied to birds. Selene is mentioned in Nonnus, Dionysiaca 48.581; Pausanias 5.1.4; and Strabo 14.1.6,
The etymology of Selene is uncertain, but if the word is of Greek origin, it is likely connected to the word selas, meaning "light".[2] Boreion Selas is the Greek name for Aurora Borealis. The name is the root of selenology, the study of the geology of the Moon. The chemical element selenium was also named after Selene.
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[edit] Depictions
In post-Renaissance art, Selene is generally depicted as a beautiful woman with a pale face, riding a silver chariot pulled by a yoke of oxen or a pair of horses. Often, she has been shown riding a horse or bull, wearing robes and a half-moon on her head and carrying a torch. Essentially, Selene is the moon goddess but is literally defined as 'the moon'.
[edit] Myths
[edit] Genealogy
In the traditional pre-Olympian divine genealogy, Helios, the sun, is Selene's brother: after her brother, Helios, finishes his journey across the sky, Selene, freshly washed in the waters of Earth-circling Ocean,[3] begins her own journey as night falls upon the earth, which becomes lit from the radiance of her immortal head and golden crown[4]. When she is increasing after mid-month, it is a "sure token and a sign to mortal men". Her sister, Eos, is goddess of the dawn. Eos also carried off a human lover, Cephalus,[5] which mirrors a myth of Selene and Endymion.
As a result of Selene being conflated with Artemis, later writers sometimes referred to Selene as a daughter of Zeus, like Artemis, or of Pallas the Titan. In the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, with its characteristically insistent patrilineality, she is "bright Selene, daughter of the lord Pallas, Megamedes' son."
[edit] Lovers
Apollonius of Rhodes (4.57) tells how Selene loved a mortal, the handsome hunter or shepherd—or, in the version Pausanias knew, a king— of Elis, named Endymion, from Asia Minor. He was so beautiful that Selene asked Zeus to grant him eternal life so he would never leave her: her asking permission of Zeus reveals itself as an Olympian transformation of an older myth: Cicero (Tusculanae Disputationes) recognized that the moon goddess had acted autonomously. Alternatively, Endymion made the decision to live forever in sleep. Every night, Selene slipped down behind Mount Latmus near Miletus. (Pausanias v.1.5). Selene had fifty daughters from Endymion, including Naxos. The sanctuary of Endymion at Heraclea on the southern slope of Latmus is a horseshoe-shaped chamber with an entrance hall and pillared forecourt.
Though the story of Endymion is the best-known one today, the Homeric hymn to Selene (xxxii) tells that Selene also bore Zeus a daughter, Pandia, the "utterly shining" full moon. According to some sources, the Nemean Lion was her offspring as well. She also had a brief trist with Pan, who seduced her by wrapping himself in a sheepskin[2] and gave her the yoke of white oxen that drew the chariot in which she is represented in sculptured reliefs, with her windblown veil above her head like the arching canopy of sky. In the Homeric hymn, her chariot is drawn by long-maned horses.
[edit] Luna
The goddess of the moon, Luna, had a temple on the Aventine Hill. It was built in the sixth century BC, but was destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome during Nero's reign. There was also a temple dedicated to Luna Noctiluca ("Luna that shines by night") on the Palatine Hill. There were festivals in honor of Luna on March 31, August 24 and August 29.[6][7]
[edit] In popular culture
The name appears in fiction as the character Adam Selene in the novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress by Robert A. Heinlein. In this usage it could mean roughly 'First Moon-man'.
Selene served as a major inspiration for the character of Lanfear in the Wheel of Time book series. Lanfear also used the name Selene as a pseudonym in the series.
Selene is the name of a young girl, born on the Moon, depicted in the book "The Gods Themselves" by Isaac Asimov.
Selene and Artemis are mentioned, along with several similar goddesses in Elizabeth Hand's novel, Waking The Moon.
The Finnish power metal band Sonata Arctica makes a reference to her in their song "My Selene", from their album Reckoning Night. Some of the lyrics that suggest this would be: "Solitude's upon my skin. A life that's bound by the chains of reality. Would you let me be your Endymion?"
Fernando Ribeiro also wrote a song called "Luna", that appears in the 2006 album "Memorial" from the Portuguese metal band Moonspell.
Also, the Guatemalan band "La Tona" named one of its greatest hits "Selene". Various analogies and references to the lunar behavior are presented there.
In the manga and anime Sailor Moon the main character Usagi Tsukino was called Princess Serenity during her former life as the moon princess and was said to be a descendant of Selene; her lover was named Prince Endymion. Usagi's cat, and guide, is also known as Luna.
Selene was the name of the Moon Fairy in Nintendo's Panel de Pon.
The Selene is also a secret unlockable ship in the Playstation game Einha:nder.
The DC comics superheroine, Mary Marvel, derives her grace from Selene.
A Marvel comics supervillainess, also known as the Black Queen, is also called Selene
In Gargoyles both Luna and Seline were two of the three Weird Sisters that granted Macbeth and Demona immortality. Seline is the sister that represents Fury, whilst Luna is the sister of Fate. When Seline is in control of her sisters the triplets are identified as the Furies. When Luna is in control, they are identified as the Fates or Norns. The third sister Phoebe is the sister of Grace.
In the book series, "Daughters Of The Moon" Selene is referred to as the goddess of the moon. The book series is loosely based on Greek mythology; in the books, five teenage friends are given powers by Selene, and are battling an evil force called the Atrox. The girls' powers are most powerful under the full moon, and weakest during the new moon. .
Selene is the name of the vampire protagonist in the movie Underworld, probably referring to her role in bridging the gap between werewolves and vampires in the movies plot line.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Bibliotheke of pseudo-Apollodorus, 1.2.2; Hesiod gives a list of the offspring of Hyperion and Theia in Theogony, lines 371ff. In the Homeric Hymn to Helios, Theia is given the name Euryphaessa, the "far-shining" one, an epithet that would apply to Selene herself.
- ^ a b Kerenyi, Karl (1951) The Gods of the Greeks (pp. 19, 197). 1951.
- ^ Homeric Hymn.
- ^ Homeric Hymn.
- ^ Burkert, Walter (1985). Greek Religion (p. 176).
- ^ Grimal, Pierre (1986). The Dictionary of Classical Mythology (p. 262). Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-20102-5.
- ^ Hammond, N.G.L. & Scullard, H.H. (Eds.) (1970). The Oxford Classical Dictionary (p. 625). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869117-3.
[edit] External links
- Theoi.com: Selene Passages from Greek texts
