Secretary-General to the President
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The Secretary-General to the President (called until 2005 the Secretary to the President) is the senior Irish civil servant who both fulfils four distinct roles vis-à-vis the presidency of Ireland. Under the Presidential Establishment Act, 1938 and subsequent legislation he or she is
- the head of the Office of the President;
- the chief advisor to the President on all matters to do with their powers, functions and duties;
- the Secretary to the Presidential Commission, the collective vice-presidency of Ireland;
- the clerk to the advisory Council of State.
The Secretary's signature is essential for the authentication of the Presidential Seal when affixed to a document executed by the Commission under Seal.
Under the Presidential Elections (Amendment) Act, 1946 the Secretary to the President is one of a group of senior state officials, including the outgoing president, the Taoiseach and the chairs of both houses of the Oireachtas, who must be formally notified of the election of a new president by the Returning Officer.
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[edit] Creation of the office of Secretary to the President
Original base for the presidency of Ireland
The coming into force of the new Irish constitution, Bunreacht na hÉireann, in December 1937 resulted in the creation of a new office, President of Ireland. While the office was not scheduled to be filled until mid 1938 its powers, functions and duties were required to be exercised immediately. That role was given to the new collective vice-presidency, which under the transitory provisions of the constitution was made up of the Ceann Comhairle (speaker) of Dáil Éireann, the Chief Justice and the President of the High Court. (The latter fulfilled the role that would normally be exercised by the Cathaoirleach (chairman) of Seanad Éireann. However the election to the new upper house had yet to take place, so there was no Cathaoirleach.)
The Government immediately appointed as Secretary to the President Michael McDunphy, a controversial, outspoken and temperamental civil servant who had prior to his appointment been Assistant Secretary to the Executive Council, and had once been Secretary to the Provisional Governments of Michael Collins and W.T. Cosgrave (January-December 1922) McDunphy, like the Presidential Commission, was originally based in Dublin Castle until a new presidential residence was chosen. He moved into the new Áras an Uachtaráin (formerly the Viceregal Lodge) in June 1938.
[edit] Impact of McDunphy
McDunphy proved to be a difficult and complex Secretary to the President. A passionate believer in structure, he spent his period in office creating numerous rules and regulations. While the first president, the politically inexperienced Douglas Hyde accepted his rules automatically, his successor, the more politically experienced former Tánaiste, Sean T. O'Kelly, who became president in June 1945, had a more fraught relationship with McDunphy and frequently baulked at following McDunphy's rules.
McDunphy had a longterm impact on the presidency. His 1945 book The President of Ireland: His Powers, Functions & Duties was seen as the bible of the office by those seeking to restrict the post and its occupant. His restrictions, which were viewed as correct (or, if not correct, useful in enabling them to control and restrict presidents) by later civil servants, led President Erskine Childers to accuse on later Secretary to the President of having "the ghost of McDunphy behind you." Mary Robinson as president ditched all of McDunphy's rules and in effect started from scratch. Commentators credited the ditching of McDunphy's rules as a key factor in the rebirth of the office and in its subsequent popularity.
[edit] Secretary attached technically to the Department of the Taoiseach
Though technically the Secretary of the President is attached to the Department of the Taoiseach in practice he or she is treated as being a full department head in his or her own right. McDunphy however accused the Secretary to the Government and Secretary to the Taoiseach, Maurice Moynihan of plotting to undermine him and take over control of the Office of the President, a claim Moynihan ridiculed in papers now available in the National Archives of Ireland.
[edit] New name
In the 1990s, the title of chief civil servant in Irish government was changed from Secretary to the Department to Secretary-General to the Department. The post of Secretary to the President however was left unchanged because the Office of the President was not technically a department. In 2004 a Bill was introduced into the Oireachtas to change the title of the Secretary to the President. The name change came into force in 2005.
[edit] Past Secretaries to the President
- Michael McDunphy (1937-1954)
- Daniel J. O'Donovan (1954-1959)
- Mairtín Ó Flathartaigh (1959-1978)
- Michéal Ó hÓdhráin (1978-1990)
- Peter Ryan (1990-1997)
- Brian McCarthy (1997-present)
[edit] External links
| Presidents of Ireland Uachtaráin na hÉireann |
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Douglas Hyde • Seán T. O'Kelly • Éamon de Valera • Erskine H. Childers • Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh • Patrick Hillery • Mary Robinson • Mary McAleese |
