Science Museum (London)

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**Science Museum**

Established	1857
Collection Size	{{{collection}}}
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Location	Exhibition Road, London SW7
Visitor figures	2,400,000 (2006) [1]
Director	Professor Martin Earwicker
Nearest tube station(s)	South Kensington
Website	www.sciencemuseum.org.uk

The Science Museum on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London is part of the National Museum of Science and Industry. The museum is a major London tourist attraction.

1 Origin
2 Collections
3 The Dana Centre
4 Science Night
5 Galleries
6 Location
7 Refurbishment
8 Directors of the Science Museum
9 External Links

[edit] Origin

A museum was founded in 1857 under Bennet Woodcroft from the collection of the Royal Society of Arts and surplus items from the Great Exhibition. It was initially part of the South Kensington Museum, together with what is now the Victoria and Albert Museum, but was separated and became the Museum of Patents in 1858, the Patent Office Museum in 1863. This museum contained many of the most famous exhibits of what is now the Science Museum. In 1885, the Science Collections were renamed the Science Museum and in 1893 a separate Director was appointed. The Art Collections were renamed the Art Museum, which became the Victoria and Albert Museum nearby. The Patent Office Museum was merged into the Science Museum in 1909.

Stephenson's Rocket

DNA reconsruction model built by Crick and Watson in 1953.

One of the early particle accelerators responsible for development of the atomic bomb. Built in 1937 by Philips of Eindhoven. It is a voltage multiplier circuit, known as a Cockcroft-Walton generator.

[edit] Collections

The Science Museum now holds a collection of over 300,000 items, including such famous items as Stephenson's Rocket, Puffing Billy (another early locomotive), the first jet engine, a reconstructionof Francis Crick and James Watson's model of DNA, some of the earliest remaining steam engines, a working example of Charles Babbage's Difference engine, and the first prototype of the 10,000-year Clock of the Long Now. It also contains hundreds of interactive exhibits. A recent addition is the IMAX 3D Cinema showing science and nature documentaries, some of them in 3-D. Entrance has been free since 1 December 2001. The museum also houses some of the many objects collected by Henry Wellcome around a medical theme. These are displayed up on the 4th and 5th floors, although the objects on display are a fraction of the overall collection. The Science Museum has a dedicated library, and until the 1960s was Britain's National Library for Science, Medicine and Technology. It holds runs of periodicals, early books and manuscripts, and is used by scholars world-wide. It has for a number of years been run in conjunction with the Library of Imperial College, but in 2004 the Museum was unable to bear its share of the cost, so options are being discussed for the library's break-up and dispersal. [2]

[edit] The Dana Centre

In November 2003, the Science Museum opened the Dana Centre. The Centre is a groundbreaking urban bar and café annexed to the Museum, and is presently the UK's only dedicated venue for adults to discuss controversial science. The Dana Centre is a young, controversial and experimental venue which exists to challenge public perception about science and tackle contemporary issues head on. It has become notorious for innovative events including stand-up comics debunking science myths to a live heart by-pass operation, as well as debates, art installations and live experiments.

[edit] Science Night

The Science Museum also organises "Science Night", "all night extravaganza with a scientific twist". Up to 380 children aged between 8 and 11, accompanied by adults, are invited to spend an evening performing fun "science based" activities and then spend the night sleeping in the galleries museum amongst the exhibits. In the morning, they're woken to breakfast and more science, watching an IMAX film before the end of the event. [3]

[edit] Galleries

The Science Museum is made up of a number of galleries, some of which are permanent, and some of which are temporary.

[edit] Power: The East Hall

The East Hall is the first area that most visitors see as they enter the building, stretching up through three floors. On the ground, the area is mostly filled with iconic steam engines of various sorts, which together tell the story of the British industrial revolution. Up in the air, suspended from the ceiling is giant metallic ring, the inside of which is covered in white LEDs which form patterns and display messages typed into kiosks by visitors in the Energy gallery. Also in the East Hall is a Waterstones bookshop, selling only books related to popular science and mathematics in accordance with the museum, and the Revolution café.

[edit] Space

Space is a historical gallery, filled with rockets and exhibits that tell the story of human space exploration and the benefits that space exploration has brought us (particularly in the world of telecommunications).

[edit] Making the Modern World

Making the Modern World is a relatively new gallery, in which some of the museum's most iconic objects, including Stephenson's Rocket and an Apollo space capsule, are imaginatively displayed along a timeline chronicling man's technological achievements.

[edit] Flight

Flight is another longstanding gallery, up towards the western end of the third floor. Contained in the gallery is a huge number of full sized aeroplanes and helicopters, including information about the Spitfire fighter plane, as well as numerous engines and a cross-section of a Boeing 747.

[edit] Location

The museum is adjacent to the Natural History Museum and used to be connected to it by a public corridor, which is now closed. The closest London Underground station is South Kensington; a subway connects the museums to the station.

[edit] Refurbishment

The Science Museum is undergoing a series of refurbishments as part of a vision to update the museum. The East Hall has been finished and the renovated museum shop opened in October 2005.