Schrammel accordion
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A Schrammel accordion (German: Schrammelharmonika) is an accordion with a melody (right hand) keyboard in the chromatic B-Griff system and a twelve-button diatonic bass keyboard. It is named for a traditional combination of two Violins, Accordion and Contrabass known as Schrammelquartett, the music being performed was called Schrammel music, in the Vienna chamber music tradition.
In most cases, it has two or three sets of reeds tuned in unison configuration. The sound is quite different or special, when compared to modern chromatic button accordions. This is because it is much smaller and lighter than modern CBAs. The handmade reeds used may also contribute to its sound.
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[edit] History
The first written notice about the existence of such instruments are from the 1854 Industrial Exhibition in Munich. The Vienna accordion builder Matthäus Bauer was mentioned as one who showed instruments with piano keyboards, and one with a "3 row machine and accidentals", mentioned in combination with the piano accordion. It seems likely that it was unisonoric and chromatic. Matthäus Bauer then held a Vienna privilegium (Patent, 1851). Advertisements in newspapers of the time show pictures off various accordions, that were mostly diatonic, but also piano and 3-row B-Griff configurations.
Alfred Mirek mentions the Instrument as precursor of the Bayan in his book. The first Bayan was built in the Year of 1870.
By 1890 the Vienna "Harmonika" builders produced a very large range of instrument types. In 1900 there were 72 accordion builders in Vienna. They also sold copies of English concertinas, German concertinas and bandoneons.
Some documented names of Vienna accordion Builders that were building instrument over two generations are: Reisinger, Edmund Hochholzer, Josef Trimmel, Pospisil, Bauer, Pick, Adolf Regelstein, Franz Kuritka, Josef Barton, Budowitz; many more were not documented.
Some Instruments at that time had up to 46 chromatic bass buttons, some had an early version left hand bass with mechanics similar to the modern Stradella Bass or only 36 buttons with unison single notes. But the usual Schrammelharmonika had only 12 bisonoric bass buttons. This was not a limitation, because a versatile musician could combine two or more buttons at the same time and so ontain a great variety of chords including seventh and diminished.
The idea of arranging the buttons in B-Grff order goes back to a musician named Franz Walter. The oldest known and still usable instrument dates from 1874. The first instruments had less buttons on the treble side 46, 49, and later 52 Buttons on three rows.
After 1954 few such instruments ware produced in Vienna.
More about History on the German Wikipedia site:
[edit] Today
Most instruments still surviving date from the 1920s and 1930s. Only one maker is still alive, named Mr. Mazourek - he and his son are still working.
[edit] Origin of the name
In Vienna, since 1870, the musician and violin players Geiger Johann and Josef Schrammel performed in the Georg Dänzers Quartet together with Anton Strohmayer on the Contra gitarre. Dänzer was famous in Vienna as virtuoso on the G-Clarinet, they played Ländlers, Polkas and "alten Tanz". In 1890 Georg Dänzer died, and his place was taken by Anton Ernst, a cousin of Johann Schrammel's wife. He was the first "Schrammel"-Harmonika player. He wrote some very good music and he also wrote a Tutorial for the instrument. In a very short time the combination of two Violins, Harmonika, Contrabass ware known as Schrammelquartett, the music being performed was called Schrammel music, up to now in Vienna chamber music tradition.
[edit] External links
| Squeezeboxes | |
|---|---|
| Accordions | Bayan | Chromatic button accordion | Diatonic button accordion | Flutina | Garmon' | Livenka | Melodeon | Piano accordion | Saratovskaya Garmonika | Schrammel accordion | Schwyzerörgeli | Trikitixa |
| Concertinas | Bandoneón | Chemnitzer concertina |
