Schematron

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The Schematron is an XML structure validation language for making assertions about the presence or absence of patterns in trees. It is a simple and powerful structural schema language. It typically uses XPath to describe patterns.

Schematron can be used as an adjunct to DTDs, RELAX NG or XML Schema. It allows co-occurrence constraints, non-regular constraints, and inter-document constraints.

Its inventor, Rick Jelliffe, has described Schematron as "a feather duster to reach the parts other schema languages cannot reach".

Schematron has been standardized to become part of 
ISO/IEC 19757 - Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) - Part 3: Rule-based validation - Schematron.

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