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Excelsior Super X
The Excelsior Super X was a motorcycle manufactured by the Excelsior Motor Mfg. & Supply Co.from 1925 to 1931.[1] It was the most famous Excelsior motorcycle manufactured by that company and was the first American forty-five cubic inch motorcycle.[2].
Contents |
[edit] Origin
Arthur "Connie" Constantine, Assistant Chief Engineer at the Harley-Davidson Motor Company, drew up plans for a mid-sized V-Twin to compete against the Indian Scout. When he presented the unauthorized project to Walter Davidson, he was reprimanded for wasting the company's time.[3]
Constantine resigned his position at Harley-Davidson and offered his services and his project to Excelsior. Both were accepted, leading to the introduction of the Excelsior Super X in 1925. The design proved to be competetive in motorsports in its first year despite competing against motorcycles with engines of greater capacity.[3]
The Super X effectively replaced Excelsior's other mainstream model, a sixty-one cubic inch V-Twin, which was discontinued during the first year of Super X production.[1] The smaller motorcycle was believed to be a more suitable companion product for their Henderson four-cylinder motorcycle.[4]
[edit] Construction
The design of the Super X was a considerable departure from its predecessors at Excelsior. Where earlier Hendersons had an enclosed primary chain transmitting power from the engine to a separate gearbox, the Super X had the engine and transmission together in a single crankcase, using a helical gear to power the the transmission directly from the engine.[2][5] The Super X also marked the return of leading-link forks on Excelsior motorcycles, which had earlier switched to trailing-link forks similar to those used by Indian but with coil springs instead of Indian's quarter-elliptic leaf springs.[2][5]
[edit] Competition in the market
The Super X had originally been envisioned as a competitor to the Indian Scout which was, at the time, powered by a thirty-seven cubic inch V-twin engine.[3][6] Indian's initial response to the Super X came in 1927, when they enlarged the Scout engine to forty-five cubic inches. This defensive move was followed a year later with a more decisive attack, the introduction of the 101 Scout.[6] The new Scout proved to be a formidable competitor both on the racetrack and in the marketplace.[4][7]
In 1929, the Excelsior-Henderson concern restyled both its motorcycle offerings, the Excelsior Super X and the Henderson Four, for a more contemporary look.[5] These "Streamline" models had tanks that hid the top tube of the frame and wide front fenders with holes for the forks to pass through.[2].
That year, Harley-Davidson released their forty-five cubic inch motorcycles, the D and the DL.[8]
The Super X competed with the 101 Scout, the D, and the DL until 1931, when the 101 Scout was replaced by a Scout model based on the heavier Chief frame, the D and DL were joined by the sport solo DLD, and the Excelsior-Henderson concern ceased production of motorcycles upon the order of its proprietor, Ignaz Schwinn.[6][8][9]
[edit] Legacy
The Super X was America's first forty-five cubic inch motorcycle, and the racing class for forty-five cubic inch motorcycles was started in the United States one year after the Super X's introduction.[3] The forty-five cubic inch class became the premeir class in dirt-track racing, in which such motorcycles as the Indian Sport Scout and Harley-Davidson WR, KR, and XR would compete.
Although the Super X came to an abrupt end, its competitors from Indian and Harley-Davidson would continue for at least a decade. The Indian Scout continued as a forty-five cubic inch motorcycle until it was discontinued at the end of World War II. The Harley-Davidson D series would evolve into the R series and the W series, including the military WLA and WLC motorcycles. These were replaced by the K series motorcycle, which used a revised flathead forty-five inch engine until 1953, after which the displacement was increased to fifty-five cubic inches for the '54-'56 KH models.[8] However, the Harley-Davidson Servi-Car, which used the contemporary D, R, and W engines (but not the K engine), would continue to be manufactured by Harley-Davidson until 1973.[10]
[edit] References
- ^ a b Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 59 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 ISBN 0 7513 0206 6
- ^ a b c d Wilson, H. The Ultimate Motorcycle Book p. 41 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1993 ISBN 0 7513 0043 8
- ^ a b c d Pioneers of American Motorcycle Racing by Daniel K. Statnekov, Chapter 22
- ^ a b Antique Motorcycle Museum 1929 Super X Roadster
- ^ a b c Excelsior-Henderson History part 7: 1925-1929
- ^ a b c Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 104-105 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 ISBN 0 7513 0206 6
- ^ Wilson, H. The Ultimate Motorcycle Book p. 36-37 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1993 ISBN 0 7513 0043 8
- ^ a b c American V Harley-Davidson History Part 1
- ^ Excelsior-Henderson History part 8: 1925-1929
- ^ Mitchel, D. "Harley-Davidson Chronicle - An American Original" p. 68-69 Publications International Limited, 1997 ISBN 0-7853-2514-X
/Category:Motorcycles /Category:Motorcycling
