Samuel ibn Naghrela
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Samuel ibn Naghrela or Samuel ha-Nagid (Hebrew: שמואל הלוי בן יוסף הנגיד Sh'muel ha-Levi ben Yosef han-Nagid, Arabic: أبو إسحاق إسماعيل بن النغريلة Abu Ishaq Isma'il bin Naghrillah) (993-1056) was a Talmudic scholar, grammarian, philologist, poet, warrior, and statesman, who lived in Spain at the time of the Moorish conquests. He fled Córdoba when the Berbers took the city in 1013. For a while he ran a spice shop in Málaga, but eventually he moved to Granada, where he was first tax collector, then a secretary, and finally an assistant vizier to the Berber king Habbus al-Muzaffar.
When Habbus died in 1038, Samuel Hanagid made sure that his son Badis succeeded him. In return, Badis made Hanagid his vizier and top general, two posts which he held for the next seventeen years.
Hanagid's son Joseph ibn Naghrela inherited those job. The Muslims accused Joseph of using his office to benefit Jewish friends, assassinated him, and launched a massacre of Granada's Jews the next day (December 31, 1066). Today's Jews remember 1066 for this, rather than for the Norman conquest of England.
