Sambal language

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Sambal
Spoken in:	Philippines
Region:	Zambales, Metro Manila, Olongapo, Palawan
Total speakers:	102,867^[1]
Language family:	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Northern Philippine Central Luzon Sambalic Sambal
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	`phi`
ISO 639-3:	either: `xsb` — Tina `sbl` — Botolan
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key.

Sambal (Spanish: zambal) is a Sambalic language spoken primarily in the province of Zambales in the Philippines.

1 Varieties
2 Phonology
3 Sample texts
- 3.1 The Lord’s Prayer
  - 3.1.1 Tina
    - 3.1.1.1 Version from Matthew
    - 3.1.1.2 Version from Luke
  - 3.1.2 Botolan (version from Matthew)
- 3.2 Philippine national proverb
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

[edit] Varieties

Sambal has two varieties, Tina and Botolan, spoken by approximately 70,000 (SIL 2000) and 32,867 (ibid. 2000) people, respectively. Tina is spoken primarily in the Zambaleño municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, and Iba; speakers can also be found in Quezon, Palawan. Botolan, on the other hand, is spoken primarily in the Zambaleño municipalities of Botolan and Cabangan.

[edit] Phonology

Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for a pronunciation key.

Sambal has 20 phonemes: 16 consonants and four vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.

[edit] Vowels

Sambal has four vowels. They are:

/a/ an open front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘father’
/e/ an close-mid front unrounded vowel similar to German ‘element’
/i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘machine’
/u/ (written as ‘o’) a close back unrounded vowel similar to English ‘flute’

There are five main diphthongs: /aɪ/, /uɪ/, /aʊ/, /ij/, and /iʊ/.

[edit] Consonants

Below is a chart of Sambal consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.

		Bilabial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stops	Voiceless	p	t		k	- [ʔ]
Stops	Voiced	b	d		g
Affricates	Voiceless			(ts, ty) [tʃ]
Affricates	Voiced			(dy) [dʒ]
Fricatives			s	(sy) [ʃ]		h
Nasals		m	n	(ny) [ɲ]	ng [ŋ]
Laterals			l	(ly) [lj]
Flaps			r
Semivowels		w		j

Note: Consonants [d] and [ɾ] can sometimes interchange as they were once allophones.

[edit] Stress

Stress is phonemic in Sambal. Stress on words is very important, they differentiate words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. hikó (I) and híko (elbow).

[edit] Historical sound changes

Many words pronounced as /s/ and /g/ in Tagalog are pronounced as /h/ and /j/, respectively, in their cognates in Sambal. Compare hiko and bayo with the Tagalog siko and bago.

[edit] Sample texts

[edit] The Lord’s Prayer

[edit] Tina

[edit] Version from Matthew

Ama mi a ison ha langit,
sambawon a ngalan mo.
Ma-kit mi na komon a pa-mag-ari mo.
Ma-honol komon a kalabayan mo iti ha lota
a bilang anamaot ison ha langit.
Biyan mo kami komon nin
pa-mangan mi para konan yadtin awlo;
tan patawaron mo kami komon ha kawkasalanan mi
a bilang anamaot ha pa-matawad mi
konlan ampagkasalanan komi.
Tan komon ando mo aboloyan a matokso kami,
nokay masbali ipa-lilih mo kamin kay makagawa doka,
ta ikon moy kaarian, kapangyarian tan karangalan a homin
panganggawan. Amen.^[2]

[edit] Version from Luke

Ama mi, maipatnag komon a banal mon kapangyarian.
Lomato ana komon a awlon sikay mag-ari.
Biyan mo kamin pa-mangan mi sa inawlo-awlo.
Inga-rowan mo kami sa kawkasalanan mi bilang
pa-nginganga-ro mi konlan nagkasalanan komi
tan ando mo kami aboloyan manabo sa tokso.
Wamoyo.^[2]

[edit] Botolan (version from Matthew)

Tatay nawen ya anti ha katatag-ayan,
Hay ngalan mo ay igalang dayi nin kaganawan.
Andawaten nawen ya tampol kayna dayin mag-arí.
Mangyari dayi ya kalabayan mo bayri ha babon lotá
Bilang ombayro ha katatag-ayan.
Hapa-eg ay biyan mo kayin pamamangan ya
angka-ilanganen nawen.
Patawaren mo kayi ha kawkasalanan
nawen bilang pamatawad nawen ha
nakapagkasalanan konnawen.
Agmo kayi biyan ma-irap ya pagsobok boy
ipakarayó mo kayi koni Satanas.^[3]

[edit] Philippine national proverb

Below are translations in Sambal of the Philippine national proverb^[4] “He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination,” followed by the original in Tagalog.

Sambal (Tina): “Hay kay tanda mamanomtom ha pinangibatan, kay immabot sa kakaon.”
Sambal (Botolan): “Hay ahe nin nanlek ha pinag-ibatan, ay ahe makarateng ha lalakwen.”
Tagalog: “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.”