Salem Street Burying Ground
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Salem Street Burying Ground is a cemetery located at the intersection of Salem Street and Riverside Avenue in Medford, Massachusetts. The Salem Street Burying Ground was used exclusively in the late 1600s to late 1800s for the burial of the town's wealthy.
The Salem Street Burying Ground was originally the private cemetery of the Wade family. It was acquired by the town of Medford in May 1717. The earliest stone is dated 1683 and the latest 1881. Records indicate that there are six hundred people buried there, however, there are only 485 markers. There are several known reasons for this discrepancy.
During the seventeenth century, one gravestone often marked the burial place of several members of the same family. The final resting place of no less than four members of the Wade family (see chart) is marked by a single large, brown, slate block; among the largest in the burial ground. Similarly, near the Riverside Avenue entrance of the cemetery, a flagpole and plaque commemorate the graves of several unknown Revolutionary war soldiers buried there. The plaque reads, “In Memory of New Hampshire Soldiers who Fell at Bunker Hill Buried in this Town and Interred at this Spot.”
Records also indicated that there are over fifty slaves buried in unmarked graves in the southwest corner of the cemetery.
[edit] History
The cemetery and the area surrounding it were settled by Matthew Craddock, the first governor of Massachusetts, in 1630. The land was used as a private farm and plantation for forty-five years. From 1660 to 1675, the second owner of the land, Edward Collins, broke the land up into smaller tracts which were sold individually. The purchasers, the Tufts, Bradshaw, Willis, Wade, Brooks, Francis, and Whitmore families became the founders of the town of Medford.
The largest farm in the area was owned by Jonathan Wade. When Wade died in 1689, he left the estate to his son, Dudley. It included “that little pasture called the burying place . . .”. By 1717, the Wade family plot had become the town burying ground.
Among several notable figures buried there are former Massachusetts Governor John Brooks, whose grave is marked by a large obelisk located in the approximate center of the Burying Ground, and Sarah Fulton, a Revolutionary War heroine whose grave is marked by a rock to the left of Brooks' monument.
[edit] The graves
Starting from the Burying Ground's northwest corner and working eastward, graves were selected in alternating groups of five. Five graves were chosen and their data recorded, the next five were skipped, and the following five chosen. Using this method, details from thirty-five graves were documented.
Information registered include first and last name, age, birth date (when available), death date and gravestone iconography. Also included were any pertinent titles; Deacon, Captain, Major, etc.
Many of the markers failed to provide any specific birth date, noting instead, the deceased's age in years, months, and days. The tombstones of the female dead often omitted a first name, and read as, for example, “Here lyes buried the wife John Chalcedony, Mrs. Chalcedony.”
By far the most prevalent image on the tombstones of the Salem Street Burying Ground was a winged skull motif. The presence of this image represents an ascension into Heaven. Among other symbols engraved on the stones were the willow tree, representing sadness or mourning; the hourglass, representing the passage of time; and bones, representing death or decay.
For the most part the markers were headstones, but there were also three obelisks as well as two table tombs, one double stone, and three large slabs. There was also a large, tall, block of what appeared to be granite in the south most corner of the cemetery that had no markings of any kind. It was unclear whether this was a memorial of some sort or just trash. There was no mention of it in any of the records consulted.
Aside from that granite block, most of the markers were made from slate.
