Södermanland

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Södermanland (help·info), sometimes referred to as Sudermannia, is a historical province or landskap on the south eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Östergötland, Närke, Västmanland and Uppland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic sea.

The Södermanland County is frequently shortened to Sörmland in Sweden and particularly locally.

Södermanland means "Southern men's land". It was used as a direction reference with lake Mälaren, compare with Uppland (north) and Västmanland (west).

**Södermanland**
The provinces of Sweden with Södermanland highlighted
	Land	Svealand
	Main corresponding county	Södermanland County Stockholm County
	Area	8,169 km²
	Flower	White water lily
	Animal	Osprey

1 Population
2 Counties
3 Geography
4 History
- 4.1 Heraldry
- 4.2 Dukes of Södermanland
5 Culture
6 Sub-divisions
- 6.1 Cities
- 6.2 Hundreds
7 External links

[edit] Population

The population of Södermanland is 1,104,611 as of 2004. It distributes over four counties as follows:

County	Population
part of Stockholm County	837,052
Södermanland County	260,380
part of Västmanland County	6,743
part of Östergötland County	436

[edit] Counties

Provinces serve no administrative purpose in current-day Sweden. This task is performed by the Counties of Sweden. Södermanland is divided into Södermanland County, which occupies the heartland, and the southern half of Stockholm County, which has claimed about a quarter of the territory in the east.

The southern parts of the capital Stockholm lies in Södermanland (the northern half is in Uppland).

[edit] Geography

Södermanland is situated between lake Mälaren to the north and the Baltic Sea to the south and east. In the south, the border to Östergötland is comprised by the Kolmården forest.

The terrain is flat, with its highest altitude being Skogsbyås at 124 meters elevation. The terrain largely consists of water filled hollows covered with woods on the heights.

There are three major water regions. One in the west, where lake Hjälmaren drains into Mälaren. There is a second water region on Södertörn, which is rather small in size and has no larger lakes: Bornsjön 6.5 km², Orlången 2.5 km², Magelungen 2.9 km². The third is to the south towards Kolmården.

National parks: Tyresta

[edit] History

Södermanland is one of the ancient Swedish provinces. People probably settled there in the early Stone Age, from which time the earliest remains are from. There are a total of 96,000 known ancient remains such as gravefields, coins, knives, etc. There are prominent finds especially from the Younger Stone Age, but also a substantial amount from the Nordic Bronze Age. From the older Iron Age, before 0 AD, the finds are however more sparse. Then from the 5th and 6th century the finds are again plenty, now of gold. In 1774, a treasure of 12 kilo gold from that time was found on a farm in Tureholm.

From the Viking Age are 300 rune stones remaining, second only to Uppland in quantity. The oldest is from the late 6th century, the Skåäng stone.

After that, the earliest recorded history is generally of the legendary kind. Before the 7th century it is deemed to have been governed by petty kingdoms. This period ended when Ingjald the Ill-Ruler allegedly had them arsoned around 640.

The oldest city with the historical city status in Södermanland was Södertälje, a privilege granted around 1000. After that, Nyköping received the privilege in 1187. In the 13th century, Stockholm was granted the privilege; in the 14th century followed by Strängnäs, Torshälla and Trosa.

Around 1100, Strängnäs became the episcopal seat with a bishop and cathedral. It was for a long time the only diocese of the province. In 1942 the diocese was divided into the Diocese of Stockholm.

The first affirmative recorded history starts in the 13th century. King Magnus Ladulås was given the province in 1266, and settled himself on the manor at Nyköping. Nyköping became one of the most important cities in Sweden at the time. In 1317, Nyköping become the location of the infamous Nyköping Banquet where King Birger had both his brothers murdered to take possession of the crown and avenge earlier wrong-deeds.

Other cities were also of importance. In 1523 the King Gustav Vasa, referred to as the Sweden's father of a nation, was crowned in Strängnäs. The date, June 6, eventually was commemorated as the national holiday. The sons of Gustav Vasa favoured the province, and expanded on the castles into the fancy architecture of the time.

[edit] Heraldry

Arms were granted in 1560. The arms is represented with a ducal coronet. Blazon: "Or, a Griffin rampant Sable beaked, langued, membered and armed Gules."

[edit] Dukes of Södermanland

Since 1772, Swedish Princes have been created Dukes of various provinces. This is solely a nominal title.

Prince Carl (from 1772 until he became King in 1809)
Crown Prince Oscar (from 1811 until he became King in 1844)
Prince Carl Oscar (1852-1854)
Prince Wilhelm (1884-1965)

[edit] Culture

The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, and medieval churches, rune stones and gravefields are plenty around the countryside.

Of buildings, the arguably most impressive is the castle of Gripsholm. Nearby is the Gripsholm Runestone, a typical Viking Runestone, commemorating an earlier Viking expedition.

The cemetery Skogskyrkogården in southern Stockholm is a UNESCO World Heritage site.