Rulers of Auvergne
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne.
Contents |
[edit] History
In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians. It was later conquered by the Carolingians, and was integrated for a time into the kingdom of Aquitaine. The counts of Auvergne slowly became autonomous. In the 10th century Auvergne became a disputed territory between the counts of Poitiers and Toulouse.
In the Middle Ages Auvergne was broken into four feudal domains:
- the County of Auvergne (created around 980)
- the Bishopric of Clermont (created at the same time as a sort of counter-power)
- the Dauphinate of Auvergne, which was not formally created until 1302 but was formed around 1155 after a coup; it is sometimes also called the county of Clermont.
- the Duchy of Auvergne, formed from the royal domain of Auvergne in 1360.
Auvergne was integrated in turn into the appanages of Alphonse of Toulouse (1241–1271) and of John of Berry (1360–1416). During the Hundred Years' War Auvergne faced numerous raids and revolts, including the Tuchin Revolt. In 1424 the duchy of Auvergne passed to the Bourbon dynasty. Quite contemporaneously, the county of Auvergne passed to the La Tour d'Auvergne, and upon its extinction in 1531 it passed to Catherine de' Medici before becoming a royal domain. In 1434, dauphinate of Auvergne passed to the Bourbon-Montpensier.
[edit] Counts of Auvergne
[edit] Burgundian dukes of the Roman era
- Victorius (479–488)
- Apollonarus (506)
- Hortensius of Neustria (527)
- Becco (532)
- Sigivald (533)
- Hortensius (534)
- Evodius ?
- Georgius ?
- Britianus ?
- Firminus (c. 555 or 558, deposed)
- Sallustus (duke c. 555 or 558–560)
- Firminus (restored, 560–571)
- Venerandus (before 585)
- Nicetius I (duke and count c. 585)
- Nicetius II (c. 585)
- Eulalius (duke 585–590)
[edit] Frankish counts
- part of Austrasia (592–595)
- part of Burgundy (595–613)
- part of Austrasia (612–639)
- Bobon of Neustria (639–656)
- Hector of Neustria (c. 655–675)
- Bodilon of Austrasia (c. 675)
- Calminius of Neustria (c. 670s)
- Genesius (c. 680s)
- Haribert of Neustria (c. 690s)
- part of Neustria until 751
[edit] Carolingian and French counts
- Ithier (c. 758)
- Blandin (760–763)
- Chilping (763–765)
- Bertmond (765–778)
- Icterius (778–?)
- Warin (819–839)
- Gerard (839–841)
- William I (841–846)
- Bernard I (846–858)
- William II the Younger (858–862) (later Duke of Aquitaine)
- Stephen (862–863)
- Bernard II (864–886)
- William the Pious (886–918) (also called William III)
- William II the Younger (restored, 918–926)
- Acfred (926–927)
After the death of Acfred, who left the comital fisc completely diminished, there appeared no successor who could control the entire Auvergne, with Velay. Several relatives of surrounding regions made claims. Below are the dates of their effective control.
- Armand of Clermont (?–?)
- Robert I of Clermont (?–?)
- Robert II of Clermont (?–?)
- Robert III of Clermont (?–?)
- Guy I of Auvergne (979–989)
- William IV of Auvergne (989–1016) (also called William I or V)
- Robert I of Auvergne (1016–1032) (also called Robert III)
- William V of Auvergne (1032–1064) (also called William II or VI)
- Robert II of Auvergne (1064–1096) (also called Robert IV)
- William VI of Auvergne (1096–1136) (also called William III or VII)
- Robert III of Auvergne (1136–1143) (also called Robert V)
- William VII the Young of Auvergne (1143 – c. 1155) (also called William IV or VIII) (remained Count-Dauphin of Auvergne, see below)
- William VIII the Old, count of Auvergne (1155–1182) (also called William VII or IX; overthrew his nephew in 1155 and took over most of the county, see below)
- Robert IV, count of Auvergne (1182–1194)
- William IX of Auvergne (1194–1195) (not always listed as a count, sometimes William X or XI)
- Guy II of Auvergne (1195–1224) (Philip II of France confiscated much of Auvergne in 1209, leading to the later creation of the duchy of Auvergne; see below)
- William X of Auvergne (1224–1246) (sometimes William XI or XII)
- Robert V, count of Auvergne (1246–1277) (from here onwards the counts are usually also counts of Boulogne)
- William XI of Auvergne (1277–1279) (sometimes William XII or XIII)
- Robert VI, count of Auvergne (1279–1317)
- Robert VII, count of Auvergne (1317–1325)
- William XII of Auvergne (1325–1332) (sometimes William XIII or XIV)
- Joanna I, countess of Auvergne (1332–1360)
- Philip I, duke of Burgundy (1360–1361)
- John I, count of Auvergne (1361–1386)
- John II, count of Auvergne (1386–1394)
- Joanna II of Auvergne (1394–1422)
- John I of Berry (1394–1416)
- George of la Tremoille (1416–1422)
- Marie I, countess of Auvergne (1422–1437), daughter of Godefroy of Auvergne and Boulogne, widow of Bertrand IV of La Tour
- Bertrand V of La Tour (1437–1461), son
- Bertrand VI of La Tour (1461–1494)
- John III of Auvergne (1494–1501)
- Anne (1501–1524), daughter
- Catherine de' Medici (1524–1589), niece
- Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (1589–1608), son-in-law (although her granddaughter Isabella Clara Eugenia would have been genealogically senior)
- Marguerite de Valois (1608–1610), aunt (youngest daughter of Catherine)
- Became a royal domain of France upon the succession of Louis XIII
- Charles-Philip (1757–1824)
[edit] Dauphinate of Auvergne
What is by convenience called the dauphinate of Auvergne was in reality the remnant of the county of Auvergne after the usurpation of count William VII the Young around 1155 by his uncle William VIII the Old.
The young count was able to maintain his status in part of his county, especially Beaumont, Chamaliers, and Montferrand. Some authors have therefore named William VII and his descendants "counts of Clermont" (although this risks confusion with the county of Clermont in Beauvaisais and the episcopal county of Clermont in Auvergne). The majority of authors, however, anticipating the formalization of the dauphinate in 1302, choose to call William VII and his successors the dauphins of Auvergne. Still others, out of convenience, choose to call these successors the "counts-dauphins of Auvergne."
The title of dauphin of Auvergne was derived from William VII's mother, who was the daughter of the Dauphin de Viennois, Guigues IV. This meant that William VII's male descendants were usually given "Dauphin" as a second name.
The numbering of the counts-turned-dauphins is complicated. Some authors create a new numbering starting with the first dauphins (even though the dauphinate did not really begin until 1302), others choose to reestablish, beginning with William the Young, the numbering of the viscounts of Clermont who became counts of Auvergne, particularly for the dauphins named Robert. The parallel existence of the usurpers of the county of Auvergne and of the counts-dauphins, who often carried the same first names, also complicates things. To avoid confusion, the numbering system used here is continuous, and "Dauphin" is used as part of the name where applicable.
[edit] List of dauphins of Auvergne
- William VII Dauphin (1155–1169) (also called William IV)
- Dauphin of Auvergne (1169–1235) (also called Robert IV)
- William VIII Dauphin (1235–1240)
- Robert V Dauphin (1240–1262) (sometimes Robert VI or Robert I)
- Robert VI Dauphin (1262–1282) (also called Robert VII or Robert II)
- Robert VII Dauphin (1282–1324) (also called Robert VIII or Robert III)
- John I, dauphin of Auvergne (1324–1352)
- Beraud I, dauphin of Auvergne (1352–1356)
- Beraud II, dauphin of Auvergne (1356–1400)
- Beraud III, dauphin of Auvergne (1400–1426), son
- Joanna I, dauphine of Auvergne (1426–1434) (or Marie?), daughter of Beraud III
- John (1417–1434), Duke of Bourbon, eldest grandson of Anne
- Louis I of Bourbon (1434–1486), youngest grandson of Anne and husband of Joan
- Gilbert of Bourbon-Montpensier (1486–1496)
- Louis II of Bourbon-Montpensier (1496–1501)
- Charles III of Bourbon-Montpensier (1501–1527)
- Louis III the Good of Bourbon-Montpensier (1561–1583), son
- Francis (1583–1592)
- Henry (1592–1608)
- Anne-Marie I (1608–1627), Duchess of Orleans
- Anne-Marie II, Duchess of Montpesier (1627–1693),
- Elisabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine, great-great-granddaughter of the great-great-aunt of the predecessor
- Philip II of Orleans, son
- claimed by the Duke of Orleans, and the modern Orleanist pretenders
[edit] Duchy of Auvergne
The duchy of Auvergne was created in 1360 by John II of France, out of the former royal territory of Auvergne, confiscated by Philip II of France in 1209.
[edit] Dukes of Auvergne
- John I of Berry (1360–1416)
- Marie I, duchess of Auvergne (1416–1425)
- Charles I of Bourbon (1425–1456)
- John, the Good of Bourbon (1456–1488)
- Charles II of Bourbon (1488)
- Peter II of Bourbon (1488–1503)
- Susanna of Bourbon (1503–1521)
- Louise of Savoy, Dowager Countess of Angouleme, cousin of Susan, through one of younger sisters of duke Peter II. With support of her son, king Francis I, Louise confronted Charles III's right to succession
- part of France
- Charles-Philip (1757–1824)
[edit] Current heirs
Today, the primogenitural heir to Montpensier and its dauphinate of Auvergne would be Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este, the primogenitural heir to the Duchy of Auvergne (and the Bourbon and the original dauphinate) would be Alice, Duchess of Calabria and the primogenitural heir to the counties of Boulogne and Auvergne would be Franz, Duke of Bavaria. Each of them happens to be pretenders of bigger former monarchies, too.
