Rudolf Schlichter
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Rudolf Schlichter (December 6, 1890 – May 3, 1955) was a German artist considered to be one of the most important representatives of the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) movement.
Schlichter was born in Calw. After an apprenticeship as an enamel painter at a Pforzheim factory he attended the School of Arts and Crafts in Stuttgart. He subsequently studied under Hans Thoma and Wilhelm Trübner at the Academy in Karlsruhe. He was called for military service in World War I but carried out a hunger strike to secure early release. He then moved to Berlin where he joined the German Communist Party and also exhibited with the "November" group. He took part in a Dada fair in 1920 and also worked on several periodicals.
A major work from this period is his Dada Roof Studio, a watercolor showing an assortment of figures on an urban rooftop. Around a table sit a woman and two men in top hats. One of the men has a prosthetic hand and the other, also missing a hand, appears on closer scrutiny to be mannequin. Two other figures in gas masks may also be mannequins. A child holds a pail and a woman wearing high button shoes (for which Schlichter displayed a marked fetish) stands on a pedestal, gesturing inexplicably.
In 1925 Schlichter participated in the "Neue Sachlichkeit" exhibit at the Mannheim Kunsthalle. His work from this period is realistic, a good example being the Portrait of Margot (1924) now in the Berlin Märkisches Museum. It shows a prostitute often depicted by Schlichter, standing on a deserted street and holding a cigarette.
When Hitler took power, bringing to an end the Weimar period, his activities were greatly curtailed. In 1935 he returned to Stuttgart, and four years later to Munich. In 1937 his works were seized as degenerate art, and in 1939 the Nazi authorities banned him from exhibiting. His studio was destroyed by Allied bombs in 1942.
At the war's end, Schlichter resumed exhibiting works which were now surrealistic in character. He died in Munich in 1955.
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