RRS Discovery
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 RRS Discovery, in Antarctica. |
|
| Career | |
|---|---|
| Built: | Dundee Shipbuilders Company, Dundee, Scotland |
| Launched: | 1901 |
| Fate: | Museum ship in Dundee, Scotland |
| General Characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 1570 tons |
| Length: | 172 ft (52 m) |
| Beam: | 33 ft (10 m) |
| Draught: | — |
| Type: | Barque 1 funnel, 3 masts |
| Hull: | Wood |
| Propulsion: | Coal fired steam engine and Sail. |
| Speed: | 8 knots |
| Range: | Limited by water and provisions |
| Complement: | 11 Officers 36 Men |
RRS Discovery was the last wooden three-masted ship to be built in the British Isles, and was launched on 21 March 1901, designed for Antarctic research.
Her first mission was to carry Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton on their first, remarkably successful journey to the Antarctic, otherwise known as the National Antarctic Expedition.
The Space Shuttle Discovery is named after RRS Discovery. The fictional spacecraft Discovery One, as seen in 2001: A Space Odyssey, is also named after RRS Discovery.
Contents |
[edit] History
On 16 March 1900, construction on the Discovery began in Dundee, Scotland, by the Dundee Shipbuilders Company. She was launched into the Firth of Tay on 21 March 1901 by Lady Markham, the wife of Clements Markham.
Discovery had coal-fired auxiliary steam engines, but had to rely primarily on sail because the coal bunkers did not have sufficient capacity to take the ship on long voyages. She was rigged as a barque. According to Shackleton, the ship was a bad sailer, and carried too much sail aft and not enough forward; while Scott worried that the design of the ship's hull was unsuitable for work in pack ice.
[edit] The Mission begins
Five months after setting sail on 6 August 1901 from the Isle of Wight, she sighted the Antarctic coastline on 8 January 1902. During the first month Scott began charting the coastline. Then, in preparation for the winter, he weighed anchor in McMurdo Sound. Unfortunately, this was where the ship would remain, locked in ice, for the next two years; the Expedition had expected to spend the Winter there and move on in the Spring. Despite this, the Expedition was able to determine that Antarctica was indeed a continent, and they were able to relocate the Southern Magnetic Pole. Scott, Shackleton and Edward Wilson also achieved a Furthest South of 82 degrees 18 minutes. The ship was eventually freed on 16 February 1904, by the natural break up of the ice followed by the use of controlled explosives. RRS Discovery finally sailed for home, arriving back at Spithead on 10 September 1904.
[edit] Cargo Vessel
The National Antarctic Expedition was acclaimed upon its return but was also in serious financial trouble, and so in 1905, Discovery was sold to the Hudson's Bay Company, who used her as a cargo vessel between London and Hudson Bay, Canada until the First World War, when she began carrying munitions to Russia. Later, in 1917, she carried supplies to the White Russians during the Russian Civil War. At the end of the hostilities Discovery was chartered by various companies for work in the Atlantic, but outdated and outclassed by more modern merchant vessels she was soon laid up, spending the early 1920s as the headquarters of the 16th Stepney Sea Scouts.
[edit] Renewed Research
In 1923 her fortunes were revived when the Crown Agents for the Colonies purchased her for further research work in the Antarctic. Re-registered to Port Stanley in the Falklands and designated as a Royal Research Ship, Discovery underwent a £114,000 re-fit before sailing in October 1925 for the South Seas to chart the migration patterns of whale stocks. Her research role continued when the British Government lent her in 1929, to the B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. (British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Expeditions) expeditions, lasting until 1931.
[edit] Boy Scouts
Returning to Britain, her research days now over, Discovery was laid up until 1936 when she was presented to the Boy Scouts Association as a training ship for Sea Scouts. During the war her engines and boilers were removed for scrap to help with the war effort. Too costly for the Scouts Association to maintain she was transferred to the Admiralty in 1955 for use as a drill ship for the Royal Navy Auxiliary Reserve. As the years passed her condition deteriorated and when no longer of use to the Navy, she was in danger of being scrapped. Saved from the breakers yard by the Maritime Trust, into whose care she passed in 1979, her future had been secured. Berthed on the River Thames and open to the public, the trust spent some £500,000 on essential restoration until she was passed into the ownership of the Dundee Heritage Trust in 1985.
[edit] Voyage Home
On 28 March 1986 Discovery left London aboard the cargo ship Happy Mariner to make her only journey home to the town that built her, arriving on the River Tay on 3 April to a tumultuous welcome. Moved to a custom built dock in 1992, Discovery is now the centrepiece of Dundee's visitor attraction Discovery Point. The city also markets itself as The City of Discovery, in honor of RRS Discovery and the pioneering work in the field of medicine carried out at the University of Dundee and the Ninewells teaching hospital[citation needed].
[edit] A New Generation is Born
RRS Discovery II which herself was built in 1929.
The spaceship Discovery One in Arthur C. Clarke's book 2001:A Space Odyssey was named by Clarke after RRS Discovery; Clarke used to eat his lunch aboard her, as she was moored near the office where he worked in London. According to Clarke, he was unaware that RRS Discovery was launched in 1901, so the fact that she was celebrating her centenary in the year of his book is a coincidence.
[edit] Modern Research
The modern Royal Research Ship Discovery, built in 1962, was until 2006, the largest general purpose oceanographic research vessel in use in the United Kingdom. She now operates out of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton alongside the larger RRS James Cook as part of a fleet maintained by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Research Ship Unit (RSU).
Measuring 90 metres in length, and fitted with a broad range of oceanographic equipment, Discovery can also accommodate containerised laboratories, with berths available for 28 scientific staff, and has the ability to spend up to 45 days at sea. Her last major overhaul was in 1992, when a new superstructure and power plant were installed and her hull lengthened by 10 metres.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- Huntford, Roland: Shackleton. ISBN 0-689-11429-X.
