Royal Poinciana
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 Royal Poinciana flower
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| Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. |
The Royal Poinciana, Delonix regia (family Fabaceae), is a tropical or subtropical flowering plant. It is also known by the names Gulmohar, Flamboyant Tree, Peacock Flower, Flame of the Forest, and Flame Tree. (Since this last name is also used for a number of other unrelated trees, its use is not recommended.) The tree is named after Phillipe de Longviliers de Poincy who is credited for introducing the plant to the Americas.
The Royal Poinciana has been described as the most colourful tree in the world. The tree's vivid red/orange flowers and bright green foliage in any case make it an exceptionally striking sight.
The Royal Poinciana is native to Madagascar, where it is found in the West Malagasy forest. In the wild it is endangered, but it is widely cultivated elsewhere. In addition to its ornamental value, it is also a useful shade tree in tropical conditions, because it usually grows to a modest height (typically around 5 m, though it can reach as high as 12 m) but spreads widely, and its dense foliage provides full shade. In areas with a marked dry season, it sheds its leaves during the drought, but in other areas it is virtually evergreen.
The flowers are large, with four spreading scarlet or orange-red petals up to 8 cm long, and a fifth upright petal called the standard, which is slightly larger and spotted with yellow and white. The naturally occurring variety flavida has yellow flowers. Seed pods are dark brown and can be up to 60 cm long and 5 cm wide; the individual seeds, however, are small, weighing around 0.4 g on average. The compound leaves have a feathery appearance and are a characteristic light, bright green. They are doubly pinnate: Each leaf is 30-50 cm long and has 20 to 40 pairs of primary leaflets or pinnae on it, and each of these is further divided into 10-20 pairs of secondary leaflets or pinnules.
The Royal Poinciana requires a tropical or near-tropical climate, but can tolerate drought and salty conditions.
It is very widely grown in the Caribbean.
In the United States it is grown only in Florida, the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas, the low deserts of Arizona (as high as Tucson) and California, Hawai'i, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam. It is the official state tree of the Northern Mariana Islands.
The Royal Poinciana is regarded as naturalised in many of the locations where it is grown, and is seen by some as an invasive species in some parts of Australia, partly because its dense shade and root system prevent the growth of other species under it. It is also found in India, where it is referred to as the Gulmohar. In West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh it is called Krishnachura.
The seed pods of the Royal Poincianas are used in the Caribbean as a percussion instrument known as the shak-shak or maraca.
[edit] Flowering season
- India April-June
- Australia December-February
[edit] References
- Du Puy, D. et al. (1998). Delonix regia. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Listed as Vulnerable (VU B1+2c v2.3)
- Floridata data base
