Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8

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Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8

A Siddeley-Deasy-built R.E.8
Type	Reconnaissance, Bomber
Manufacturer	Royal Aircraft Factory
Maiden flight	17 June 1916
Introduced	1916
Retired	1918
Status	Retired
Primary user	Royal Flying Corps
Produced	1916- 1918
Number built	4,077

The Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 was a British two-seat biplane reconnaissance and bomber aircraft of the First World War. Intended as a replacement for the vulnerable B.E.2, the R.E.8 was much more difficult to fly, and was regarded with great suspicion at first in the R.F.C.. Although eventually it gave reasonably satisfactory service, it was never an outstanding combat aircraft. In spite of this, the R.E.8 served as the standard British reconnaisance and artillery spotting aircraft from mid-1917 to the end of the war, serving alongside the rather more popular Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8. Over 4,000 R.E.8s were eventually produced and they served in most theatres including Italy, Russia, Palestine and Mesopotamia, as well as the Western Front.

1 Design and development
2 Operational service
3 Operators
4 Specifications
5 References
6 External links
7 Related content

[edit] Design and development

The first of two prototype R.E.8s (Reconnaissance Experimental 8) flew on 17 June, 1916. The new type was specifically designed to overcome the drawbacks of the B.E.2 - it had a more powerful motor, giving an improved performance, in particular a heavier payload. It was also much better armed, with a synchronised forward-firing .303-in Vickers gun and one or two Lewis guns on a Scarff ring in the observer's cockpit. It was (intentionally) less stable than the B.E.2, although this was seen as a positive drawback at the time by many service pilots, and modifications were made to improve stability, making it a good platform for artillery spotting but giving it little chance of out-manoeuvring enemy fighters.

Most R.E.8s were powered by the 150-hp (112 kW) Royal Aircraft Factory 4a air-cooled 12-cylinder inline engine though some received the 200-hp (149 kW) RAF 4d engine and others had a Hispano-Suiza engine. A supply shortage of the Rolls-Royce Eagle halted plans to use it as the R.E.8s powerplant. The engine's exhaust protruded over the upper wing so that the crew were not exposed to the fumes. The fuel tank was made from gutta percha and the R.E.8 had a tendency to burn when damaged. As with the B.E.2e, the long extensions on the upper wing tended to collapse if the aircraft was dived too sharply.

Eventually 4,077 R.E.8s were produced with a further 353 on order cancelled at the end of the war. In addition to the Royal Aircraft Factory, the R.E.8 was produced by six other companies including Austin Motors, Standard Motors, Siddeley-Deasy and Coventry Ordnance Works.

[edit] Operational service

The first production aircraft reached France in November 1916. Initially, pilots converting from the B.E.2e had problems with the R.E.8's reduced stability, resulting in a number of accidents, and the new type was grounded while a larger tailfin was designed.

The modified type proved more acceptable, but early service was most inauspicious. On 13 April 1917, a patrol of six R.E.8s from No. 59 Squadron RFC was met by aircraft from Jasta 11 and all the R.E.8s were shot down within five minutes.

This illustration of an R.E.8 shows the large 4-blade propeller, raised exhausts, and large air scoop for the air-cooled inline engine.

The casualty rate in R.E.8 squadrons dropped from the levels of "Bloody April", largely as a result of improved pilot training and tactics. Although never a popular aeroplane, it was, however, reasonably satisfactory for the tasks demanded of it, and was even regarded with some affection, gaining the rhyming slang nickname "Harry Tate" (after a popular music hall artist of the time).

The R.E.8 equipped 18 Royal Flying Corps squadrons in 1917 and 19 squadrons in 1918. Belgium was the only country other than Britain (and her Dominions) to operate the R.E.8, receiving 22 in July 1917.

It was intended to replace the R.E.8 with a version of the Bristol Fighter powered by the Sunbeam Arab engine, however very few "Arab Bristols" had been completed by the end of the war.

By November 1918, the R.E.8s was regarded as completely obsolete, and surviving examples were quickly retired after the armistice. Only two survive today. The restoration of R.E.8 F3556 at the Imperial War Museum Duxford was completed in 2004. This aircraft, built by Daimler, had arrived in France on Armistice Day. The other surviving R.E.8 is in Brussels, Belgium, and is one of the few examples to have an Hispano-Suiza engine.

[edit] Operators

Australia
Belgium
Poland (post-war, 1 aircraft captured from Soviets)
Soviet Union
United Kingdom

[edit] Specifications

General characteristics

Crew: 2 (pilot & observer/gunner)
Length: 27 ft 10 in (8.5 m)
Wingspan: 42 ft 7 in (12.98 m)
Height: 11 ft 4 in (3.47 m)
Wing area: 389 ft² (35.07 m²)
Empty weight: 1,577 lb (717 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 2,862 lb (1,301 kg)
Powerplant: 1× Royal Aircraft Factory 4a air-cooled 12-cylinder inline engine, 150 hp (112 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 102 mph (164 km/h)
Service ceiling: 13,500 ft (4,115 m)
Rate of climb: 22 minutes to 10,000 ft (3,045 m) ()

Armament

1 x .303 in (7.7 mm) forward-firing Vickers gun
1 or 2 x .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis guns in rear cockpit
up to 224 lb (102 kg) bombs

[edit] References

Taylor, John W. R. "Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.