Romita
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Romita is a city in Guanajuato, Mexico. It serves as the municipal seat and administrative center for the surrounding municipality of Romita de Liceaga.
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[edit] History
The Municipality of Romita has its origin in the Congregation of Guadalupe that was in lands of the Hacienda de las lajas. Its owner, Don Pascual Peñaranda, the Catholic Brother Manuel Amorosta, and the Governor of the State Don Manuel Gómez of Linares founded the town on April 29, 1832. The name that he received for ordinance of the local Congress was Romita de Liceaga, in honor of Don José María Liceaga, a hero of the War of Independence who was born there. On February 28, 1916, the town was granted the title of town ("villa"), then of city ("ciudad") on June 20, 1970.
[edit] Geography
The city of Romita is located at . It is 1750 meters above sea level. To the North, it is bordered by the Municipality of León; to the East, the Municipality of Silao; to the Southeast, the Municipality of Abasolo and Cuerámaro, and to the West, the Municipaity of Manuel Doblado and San Francisco del Rincon. Romita covers 446.6 square kilometers, 1.46% of the total surface area of the state. The Municipality is divided in 102 towns. The most important are: Romita, Mezquite Gordo, Liebres de el Refugio, Santa Rosa de Rivas, La Sardina, Gavia de Rionda, and Jagüey.
The main bodies of water in the Municipality are the River Silao in the East; the Streams of Talayote, California and Ojos de Rana that are flowing from the Duarte river and Otates river, in the Northwest the Stream Tepetates, formed by the drainages of Trejo's Channels, San Miguel and Santa Bárbara, these last ones in the South of the Municipality of Abasolo. The most important Dams, to the South of Romita, Dam of the Key, and San José. Romita is inside the hydrological region Lerma-Santiago and of the hydrological basin Lerma-Salamanca, being subdivided the territory in 4 hydrological sub-basin. The biggest territorial portion is of Guanajuato River sub basin.
The most remarkable heights in the Municipality are the hills of: El Burro, La Bolsa, El Mancero, El Coyote, El Divisadero, Los Portales, La Gavita and La Capilla. They are also located, the mountain ranges of The Salted ones, Tuna Agria, San Ramón, Luna de Muerto and Santa Ana del Conde. The medium height of these elevations is of 1,700 meters above sea level . The whole Municipality of Romita belongs to the Neovolcánico Axis, the one that in turn embraces the subprovincial country denominated El Bajio Guanajuatense, being divided this last one in four types of regions: Sierra Spread Hillsides, Isolated Lomeríos, Plain of Deep Alluviums and Lomeríos Associated to Plateaus. A great portion of the municipal area is distinguished for plain being with deep alluviums.
[edit] Climate
The predominant climate in the Municipality is medium-hot with rains in Summer, having areas with climate medium-dry and temperate medium-wet. The temperature ranges from 18 to 20° Celsius. Romita is characterized to have an acceptable quantity of rain during the year, since in most of the territory rains average 70-80 cm.
[edit] Characteristics and Use of the Land
The Lands of the Municipality they are of oozy texture to arcillo-sandy, with a pH of 6.8 at 8.9, of origin inchú coluvial to aluvio coluvial. 87.69% of the municipal surface is used in agricultural uses, 4.64% in Grasslands and 7.67% is of heaths. Most of the lands is dedicated mainly for agricultural use (85%), a smaller portion for cattle activity and the rest, is urban and for other uses.
[edit] Flora and Fauna
The flora of the Municipality is constituted by species, such as knife, mezquite, rooster paw, silver popotillo, buffalo, gnarled, brown, three beards, fleecy, filiform and glandular knife, flag, red, false grass and vixen line. Other species like huisache also exist, gatuño, largoncillo, cuajiote, white stick, pochote, organ, garambullo, beaches sweet, casahuate and nopalCactus.
[edit] Nomenclature
The coat of arms symbolizes the agriculture and the environment of the region, crowned by a rainbow, symbol of the rain that fertilizes their lands. According to the heraldry, it is a Spanish Coat. The left half of the coat shows its beautiful climate, its pure air and its fertile earth. In the coat, two peasants are appreciated in full siembra task. To the bottom, the Hill of the Flagstones, the one that forms the limit with San Pedro Fat Stone. The right half is cut in two parts: the top indicates that covered hills exist mainly of mezquites that have been good to manufacture tables, plows, church doors, lattices for the jail and caskets for the eternal trip. The bottom half is a sample of optimism: bulls of a good crop.
In the bottom of the Coat there is an acorn, symbol of the work of the Municipality of Romita is shown.
[edit] Demographics
[edit] Ethnic groups
There is a small indigenous population in the municipality of some 42 people, or 0.08% of the total population. There are ten children under 5 years old whose parents speak indigenous languages. The spoken indigenous languages are Mazahua and Nahuatl.
[edit] Demographic evolution
The total population of Romita municipality is 51,825 habitants, about 1.11% of the total population of the state. Of this population, 47.39% (24,560 inhabitants) are men, the remaining 52.6% (27,265 population) are women. In 2000, 35.48% (18,385) of the population lived in the municipal seat and only city, Romita.
- Graph: Evolution of the Rate of Growth of the Municipality, 1950-2000.
- Source: INIDE, Municipal Statistical Summaries, 2001.
The main towns according to population's contribution to the municipality are: the municipal seat, Romita, which contributes the total population's 35.4% (population 18,385 ). Santa Rosa de Rivas contributes 3.22% with (people 1,670 ), Mezquite Gordo contributes 3.16% (population 1,636 ), La sardina contributes 2.86% (population 1,480 ). On the other hand, the index of migratory intensity for the municipality is of 1.18, which is considered high and the annual rate of migration to the United States belongs to 16.2 people for each thousand, the highest fourth in the state. In what concerns to the rates of natality and mortality of this Municipality, tendencies have been observed to the drop, because in 1995 the gross rate of natality was of 36.9 and the gross rate of mortality was of 5.2, while in the 2000, they were respectively of 31.1 and 4.7. Population density in Romita is of 105.12 hab/km², as long as, the State has 152.4 hab/km².
[edit] Religion
93.4% of the residents of Romita are Roman Catholic, followed by Protestants, Evangelicals, and, finally, people without religion represent 1.9%.
[edit] Politics
Municipal President: J. Jesús Granados Calderón (2003-2006)
[edit] References
Source: Institute of Information for Development
Updated by Department of Informatica Municipality of Romita
