Romanization VT

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[edit] Fudan Romanization

(Vottay Da`oc复旦大学) Initials

	Labials	Dentals	Sibilants	Palatals	Velars	Glottals
Unvoiced Unaspirated Stops	p	t	tz	tx	k	q
Unvoiced Aspirated Stops	ph	th	ts	tc	kh
Voiced Stops	b	d		dx	g
Nasals	m	n		jn	kn
Unvoiced Fricatives	f		s	c		h
Voiced Fricatives	v		z	x		’
Liquids	w	l		j

Rimes

		Vowel	Semivowel	Nasal Ending	Glottal Stop	Example	Meaning
				n	c
ɿ,l	î	ir				`tzirsec	knowledge
i	j	j	je,jay,jor,ja	jon	jec,joc,jac	je`ci	game
y	ü	uy	yoy	yn	yc	yn`ton	sports
u	u	u	way,woy,wo,wa	un,wan,worn	wec,woc,wac	worn`ti	emperor
I	i	i		in	ic	`injon	hero
ø	ö	oy				`qoyba	arrange
ɤ,ə	e	e		en	eq	elli	reasonable
o	o	o		on	oc	o`te	underside
	ë	ey				qey`	hi
ɚ		er				er	while
E,ɛ	ä	ay				`fayga	tomato
ɔ	ô	or		orn		zorzorn	upward
a	a	a		an	ac	a`can	shoe-cabinet
single				m		`mma	mom
				gn		gn	fish

Glottal Stop “c” can be replaced by double writing the following consonantal letter except for”m,n,h”.

There shall be only one of the vocalic letters (A,E,I,O,U) in one monosyllable,as there are no true diphthongal syllables in Shanghai dialect.

Rimes "UYN", "UYQ" can be shortened by "YN", "YC".

Tones

	Long	Short	Light	Stop
High	55	53		5
High	`lon	lon`		`loq
Low	334	34	33	13	2
Low	lon	lon	lon	loq	loq

The short high tone is only used in a monosyllable or the last syllable of a polysyllable. Long or short low tones are almost the same. Light low tone is always used in a polysyllable.

H-L	L-H	H-L-L	L-H-L	L-L-H	H-L-H
`lonlon	lon`lon	`lonlonlon	lon`lonlon	lonlonlon`	`lonlonlon`
55-33	334-55	55-33-334	33-55-33	334-33-53	55-33-53

This romanisation was designed by LI Hui (a frosh), Center for Anthropological Studies at Fudan University, Shanghai, China.