Roman Catholicism in Nepal

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The Roman Catholic Church in Nepal is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Vatican City. As of 2004 there are 7,105 Catholics in Nepal, organized into one Catholic jurisdiction known as an apostolic prefecture.^[1]

Catholicism was first propagated in the 18th century, though from 1810 to 1950 no missionaries were allowed in Nepal. Since 1951, missionaries have again been allowed, though conversion to Christianity is still illegal. In 1983 a mission sui iuris covering Nepal was created, and in 1996 it was raised to an Apostolic Prefecture. The 1990 constitution did not guarantee religious freedom for Christians, but as of May 2006 Nepal has been declared a secular state and the constitution will likely be rewritten, leading to hopes that religious freedom may be established.

1 Origins
2 20th century
3 21st century
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Origins

The history of Catholicism in Nepal begins with its inclusion in the diocese of Funchal, Portugal, and in 1533 part of the diocese of Goa. From then on until 1983, it was a part of many different Indian dioceses. Missionaries entered Nepal proper in 1715, when Capuchin fathers entered the Kathmandu Valley at the invitation of the Malla Kings. Father Sharma Anthony Francis, who has headed the Catholic mission and then prefecture since 1983, has stated "The priests were given full authority to preach Christianity and even build a church, called Our Lady's Assumption, somewhere in Lalitpur District" Assumption was built in 1760, and another church called Annunciation of Our Lady was built in Bhaktapur. After the unification of Nepal by Prithvi Narayan Shah into a Hindu kingdom, the priests were asked to leave for fear they were British spies. In 1769 the priests and many Nepalese christians left for India and settled in Chuhair, Northern Bihar where they have remained. One Catholic priest did remain until his death in 1810. After that, there was no Christian presence until 1950.^[2] On May 19, 1893, the whole of Nepal was added to the Prefecture of Bettiah.^[3] It was then a part of the Patna, India apostolic vicariate from 1919 until the establishment of the mission covering only Nepal in 1983.^[4]

[edit] 20th century

With the introduction of democracy in 1951, Jesuit missionaries started educational institutions but were not allowed to evangelize. Saint Xavier's School was established in 1951. The Catholic Mission was established in 1983 with territory taken from Patna diocese in India and entrusted to the care of the Jesuits.^[5] In 1992 the Church of the Assumption, a new church built with its name harkening back to the original Assumption church, was officially recognized.^[2] In 1996 the Mission was elevated to the rank of Apostolic Prefecture.^[5]

Father Sharma spent Easter day in 1986 in a police station for preaching to non-Christian relatives of some of the faithful attending church with them. Conversion to Christianity was forbidden by law, and was reiterated by the 1990 constitution that created a multi-party democracy. Since 1990, the law had not been enforced.^[6]

[edit] 21st century

Youths preparing for World Youth Day 2005

At the diplomatic level, Nepal has exchanged ambassadors with the Vatican.^[7] Before King Gyanendra was stripped of his powers by the Sansad (Nepalese parliament), there had been hope of official recognition by the state since the king was educated at a Catholic school and was a pupil of the current Prefect Apostolic, Nepalese Jesuit Father Anthony Sharma.^[8] In May 2006, church leaders welcomed the parliamentary declaration that Nepal is now a "secular state," a change from what had been the only officially Hindu country in the world.^[9] The first open air Christian musical program was hosted to celebrate the beginning of religious freedom for the first time in Nepals history.^[10]

Maoist rebels have targeted Catholic institutions in recent years, such as their torching of two Catholic schools in 2002 in the Gurkha region.^[11] A mission in Eastern Nepal was subject to attack by Maoist insurgents in 2003, destroying a residence, clinic, chapel, kindergarten and kitchens.^[12] During Maoist attempts to call a national school strike, they attacked a small Catholic school in mid-western Nepal with a bomb.^[13]

The Nepalese church continues to grow and become more active. A convent was inaugurated along with a training center in western Nepal in June 2006, a first for western Nepal.^[14] At Nepals first Catholic church, the Church of the Assumption in Katmandu, there are English masses said on Sundays.^[15] Six Nepalese youths went to World Youth Day 2005 in Cologne, Germany despite having a difficult time obtaining visas from German officials.^[16] Catholic Relief Services conducts many programs in the country, including counteracting the trade in women and children and aiding those affected by floods and landslides.^[17] And in a display of inter-religious cooperation, the Olympic torch was brought to the top of the sacred mountain of Makalu, having been blessed by both Pope Benedict XVI and the Dalai Lama.^[18] On February 10th, 2007, Pope Benedict XVI raised the status of the jurisdiction to a vicariate.^[19]