Richmond Park

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This article is about the Royal Park in London. For the football ground in Dublin, Ireland, see Richmond Park (football ground).

Royal Parks of London
Bushy Park Green Park Greenwich Park Hyde Park Kensington Gardens Regent's Park Richmond Park St. James's Park

A corner of the Isabella Plantation in Richmond Park

Richmond Park is the largest of the Royal Parks in London. It is close to Richmond, Kingston upon Thames, Wimbledon, Roehampton and East Sheen.

The park covers 955 hectares (2360 acres)^[1] and is Europe's largest urban walled park.

1 Significant features
2 Plantings
3 Wildlife
4 History
5 Access
6 Constituency
7 References
8 External links

[edit] Significant features

It contains the Isabella Plantation, an important and attractive woodland garden and a major visitor attraction in its own right. There is a protected view of St Paul's Cathedral, which is 12 miles away, from King Henry VIII's Mound in the park.

The Park also contains some notable buildings, ten of which, plus the whole wall of the park, are listed buildings.

Pembroke Lodge and some associated houses stand in their own garden within the park. Pembroke Lodge was originally a home of 1st Earl Russell, and is now a restaurant.
The Royal Ballet School has been based for many years at White Lodge where younger ballet students continue to be trained. The house was originally a hunting lodge for George I.
There also four other houses, apart from the gate-houses: Thatched House Lodge, Holly Lodge (formerly Bog Lodge), White Ash Lodge and Oak Lodge. Holly Lodge contains a visitors’ centre (bookings only), the Park's administrative headquarters and a base for the Metropolitan Police's Royal Parks Operational Command Unit.

[edit] Plantings

The park's open slopes and woods are based on lowland acid soils. The grassland is mostly managed by grazing. The park contains numerous woods and copses, many created with donations from members of the public.

One such area is Queen Mother's Copse, a small triangular enclosure on the woodland hill halfway between Robin Hood Gate and Ham Gate, established in memory of the late Queen Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the Queen Mother.

Another is Bone Copse which was named in 2005. It was started by the Bone family in 1988 by purchasing and planting a tree from the Park authorities in memory of Bessie Bone who died in that year. Trees have been added annually, and in 1994 her husband Frederick Bone also died. The annual planting has been continued by their children.

[edit] Wildlife

Deer in Richmond Park, October 2005

Herds of red and fallow deer roam freely within much of the park. An annual cull takes place each November to ensure the numbers can be sustained.

It is an important refuge for many other types of wildlife, including squirrels, rabbits, stag beetles and many other insects, numerous ancient trees, and many varieties of fungi.

Richmond Park is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, a National Nature Reserve and a Special Area of Conservation for the Stag beetle.

Richmond Park also now supports a large population of what are believed to be Ring-necked (or Rose-ringed) Parakeets. These are believed to have bred from parrots that escaped or were freed from captivity.

[edit] History

During King Edward's (1272-1307) reign the area was known as the Manor of Sheen. The name was changed to Richmond during Henry VII's reign. In 1625 Charles I brought his court to Richmond Palace to escape the plague in London and turned it into a park for red and fallow deer. His decision, in 1637, to enclose the land was not popular with the local residents, but he did allow pedestrians the right of way. To this day the walls remain, although they have been partially rebuilt and reinforced.

In 1847 Pembroke Lodge became the home of the then Prime Minister, Lord John Russell and was later the childhood home of his grandson, Bertrand Russell. It is now a popular restaurant with glorious views across the Thames Valley.

The Isabella Plantation is a stunning woodland garden which was created after World War II from an existing woodland, and is organically run, resulting in a rich flora and fauna.

Richmond Park has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a National Nature Reserve.

[edit] Access

The park is enclosed by a high wall with several gates, but there are public motor roads running through it. These are only open during daylight hours, the speed limit is 20 mph, and no commercial vehicles apart from taxis are allowed.

The gates open to motor traffic are Sheen Gate, Richmond Gate, Ham Gate, Kingston Gate, and Roehampton Gate. Robin Hood Gate (close to the Robin Hood roundabout on the A3) was closed to motor vehicles in 2003 as part of a traffic reduction trial — as of 2006 the government body responsible for the park is still evaluating the trial. Local councils are generally in favour of re-opening the gate, but it is not clear that represents local public opinion. Local residents are divided on the issue of banning motor traffic from the park altogether.

The park also has designated bridleways and cycle paths. These are clearly shown on the various maps and noticeboards displayed near the main entrances to the park, along with all the other regulations that govern use of the park.

The 1997 regulations in force limit cycling within the park to: (a) the main roads; and (b) the hard yellow cycle path that runs round the park; and (c) certain other hard surfaces within the park (e.g the concrete path that lies between Pen Ponds and Ham Gate). Cycling through the woods, or across mud paths within the park, is not permitted.

Until 2005 the park was policed by the separate Royal Parks Constabulary but that has now been subsumed into the Metropolitan Police. In recent years the mounted policemen have been replaced by a patrol team in a four-wheel drive vehicle which can occasionally be seen on the roads and elsewhere round the park. Most users of the park respect the rules, but there are occasional abuses. The most frequent offenders are motorists who fail to observe the 20 mph limit. At busy times other motorists can be occasionally seen parking outside the designated car parks or driving off the roads. Recreational cyclists can also be a problem: many mountain bikers are tempted to ride away from the designated cycle paths.

The bridleways in the park are special in that they are for horses (and their riders) only and not open to other users like normal bridleways. This is rarely a problem as the sandy surface of the riding track generally discourages anyone not on horseback. Most riding in the park is done through organized stables who, in general, carefully obey the rules about where they can ride.

Visitors planning a picnic in the park should note that lighting stoves, fires, or barbecues is expressly forbidden, as is the playing of radios or other musical equipment.

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