Rhizanthella gardneri
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 Western Underground Orchid
Rhizanthella gardneri |
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| Rhizanthella gardneri R. S. Rogers (1928) |
Rhizanthella gardneri, also known as Western Underground Orchid, was discovered in the spring of 1928 in Western Australia, by a farmer who lived in the wheatbelt named Jack Trott. He had bent down to investigate an odd crack that had appeared in his garden's soil. He immediately noticed a sweet smell that arose from the ground. Scraping away the soil, he soon uncovered a tiny white flower, about half an inch across, growing underground. What he had found was an entirely new type of orchid.
The white leafless plant is made up of a tube which produces a flowerhead. Unlike any other orchid in Australia, the Western Australian underground orchid remains completely underground for its whole life. Not being able to obtain the sun's energy, it instead feeds of the broom honey myrtle, a shrub. It is linked to it by a fungus named Thanatephorus gardneri.
This particular orchid is a myco-heterotroph as it relies completely on the Melaleuca uncinata and a mycorrhiza fungus for its nutrients and carbon dioxide. Having received this from the fungus the plant is than able to make the water, nutrients and carbon dioxide into energy which is used to grow and repair cells.
The flowering head will bloom in May and June and measures 2.5–3 cm. The flower head contains 8 to 90 small dark maroon flowers.
Rhizanthella gardneri reproduces vegetatively which can produce three daughter plants, as well as sexually. In the latter case the pollinated flower will then take six months to mature. The seed is thought to be dispersed by Marsupialia, who eat the fruit, but substantial findings are hard to come by as only 19 mature specimens of the orchid are known to currently exist in the wild and only 300 specimens have been collected to date.
[edit] References
- Reader's Digest Ltd. (1989). Facts and Fallacies - Stories of the Strange and Unusual. Reader's Digest Ltd. Page 39. ISBN 0864380879.
- Hoffman, N., Brown, A. (1998). Orchids of South-west Australia. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands.Rev. 2nd ed. with suppl. ISBN 1876268182
- Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia: including the island territories. Frenchs Forest. ISBN 1-8770-6912-4.
