Wikipedia:Release Version Nominations/Cities Review/Old national capitals
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[edit] List of former national capitals :
Former capital city | Country, empire | Since | Until | Change, reason |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kandahar | Afghanistan | 1748 | 1772 | moved to Kabul |
Vlorë | Albania | 1912 | 1920 | moved to Tirana |
Paraná | Argentine Confederation | 1853 | 1861 | moved to Buenos Aires |
Melbourne | Australia | 1901 | 1927 | moved to Canberra - interim capital only while Canberra developed |
Karlsruhe | Baden | 1771 | 1918 | Baden became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Karlsruhe remained the capital of the German state of Baden until 1945. |
St. George | Bermuda | 1612 | 1815 | moved to Hamilton |
Salvador da Bahia | Brazil | 1549 | 1763 | moved to Rio de Janeiro |
Belize City | British Honduras | 1638 | 1970 | moved to Belmopan |
Pliska | Bulgaria (Old Great Bulgaria | 681 | 893 | moved to Preslav |
Preslav | Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire) | 893 | 972 | moved to Ohrid |
Ohrid | Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire) | 990 | 1015 | Empire ceases to exist after the Byzantine conquest |
Veliko Tarnovo | Bulgaria (Second Bulgarian Empire) | 1185 | 1396 | Empire ceases to exist after the Ottoman conquest |
Plovdiv | Eastern Rumelia | 1878 | 1885 | annexed as part of the Unification of Bulgaria |
Kingston | Canada | 1841 | 1843 | moved to Montreal |
Quebec City | Canada | 1859 | 1865 | moved to Ottawa |
Chan Santa Cruz | Chan Santa Cruz | c.1852 | 1901 | became part of Mexico |
Anyang | China (Shang Dynasty) | c.1600 BC | c.1046 BC | moved to Chang'an - end of Shang Dynasty |
Xianyang | China (Qin Dynasty) | 221 BC | 206 BC | moved back to Chang'an - fall of Qin Dynasty |
Luoyang | China (Han Dynasty) | 25 | 220 | fall of the Han Dynasty marking the beginning of the Six Dynasties period |
Chang'an | China (Tang Dynasty) | 618 | 907 | fall of the Tang Dynasty marking the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period |
Kaifeng | China (Song Dynasty) | 960 | 1127 | moved to Hangzhou |
Hangzhou | China (Song Dynasty) | 1127 | 1279 | Kublai Khan integrates China into the Mongol Empire |
Nanjing | China | 1928 | 1937 | moved to Chongqing |
Chongqing | China | 1937 | 1945 | moved back to Nanjing |
Nanjing | China | 1945 | 1949 | moved to Beijing - After the proclamation of the People's Republic of China
The Republic of China government flees to Taiwan and made Taipei the provisional capital. However, Nanjing remains the official capital. |
Montgomery | Confederate States of America | February 4, 1861 | May 29, 1861 | Moved to Richmond |
Richmond | Confederate States of America | May 29, 1861 | April 3, 1865 | Moved to Danville |
Danville | Confederate States of America | April 3, 1865 | April 10, 1865 | Confederate States forced to rejoin the United States following the surrender of General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia in Appomattox, Virginia |
Cartago | Costa Rica | 1562 | 1823 | moved to San José |
Grand Bassam | Côte d'Ivoire | 1893 | 1900 | moved to Bingerville |
Bingerville | Côte d'Ivoire | 1900 | 1933 | moved to Abidjan |
Varaždin | Croatia | 1756 | 1776 | Moved back to Zagreb,when a fire destroyed most of the city. |
Santiago de Cuba | Cuba | 1522 | 1589 | moved (after 1607 in Havana) |
Roskilde | Denmark | c.1020 | 1443 | moved to Copenhagen |
Winchester | Wessex/Kingdom of England | 519 | 1066 | moved to London |
Åbo | Finland, Grand Duchy of | 1809 | 1812 | moved to Helsinki |
Vaasa | Finland | January 29, 1918 | May 3, 1918 | moved by White Guards from Helsinki because of Finnish Civil War |
Al-Fustat | Egypt | 905 | 969 | moved to Cairo (see also: Capital of Egypt) |
Levuka | Fiji | 1874 | 1877 | moved to Suva |
Vichy | France | 1940 | 1944 | capital of Vichy France régime |
Otjimbingwe | German South-West Africa | 1886 | 1892 | moved to Windhoek |
East Berlin | Germany, East | 1949 | 1990 | Berlin, country ceased to exist after re-unification of Germany |
Bonn | Germany, West | 1949 | 1990 | moved to Berlin after re-unification of Germany |
Cape Coast | Ghana (Gold Coast) | 1664 | 1877 | moved to Accra |
Granada | Granada, Kingdom of | 1250 | 1492 | Kingdom ceases to exist after the Reconquista and incorporated into Castile |
Nafplion | Greece | 1821 | 1836 | moved to Athens |
Bolama | Guinea-Bissau | 1879 | 1941 | moved to Bissau |
Boe | Guinea-Bissau | 1973 | 1974 | moved back to Bissau |
Lahaina | Hawaiʻi, Kingdom of | 1820 | 1845 | moved to Honolulu |
Honolulu | Hawaiʻi, Kingdom of | 1845 | 1893 | became seat of Provisional Government of Hawaiʻi after overthrow of the Hawaiʻian monarchy |
Székesfehérvár and Esztergom | Hungary | 972 (or 973) | 1361 | moved to Buda for the first time |
Buda | Hungary (as part of Austro-Hungarian Empire | 1867 | 1873 | united with Óbuda and Pest to become Budapest |
Cuzco | Inca Empire | fl.13th Century | c.1533 | moved to Lima after the Spanish conquest |
Calcutta | India (British) | 1772 | 1912 | moved to New Delhi |
Simla | India (British) | fl.1850 | 1947 | Summer capital |
Yogyakarta | Indonesia | 1946 | 1948 | Allied invasion, moved to Bukittinggi |
Bukittinggi | Indonesia | 1948 | 1949 | moved to Jakarta |
Ecbatana | Iran (Median Empire) | 7th century BC | 550 BC | captured by Cyrus the Great |
Pasargadae, Persepolis, and Susa | Iran (Persian Empire) | 550 BC | 330 BC | captured by Alexander the Great and incorporated into Macedonian Empire |
Seleucia on the Tigris | Iran (Seleucid Empire} | 305 BC | 240 BC | moved to Antioch |
Antioch | Iran (Seleucid Empire) | 240 BC | 64 BC | conquered by Parthia |
Ctesiphon | Iran (Parthian and Sassanid Empires) | c. 64 BC | 637 | fell in Islamic conquest of Persia |
Nishapur | Iran {Tahirid dynasty) | 821 | 873 | conquered by Saffarid dynasty |
Shiraz | Iran (Saffarid dynasty) | 861 | 900 | conquered by Samanid |
Bukhara, Samarqand, and Herat | Iran (Samanid) | 875 | 999 | conquered by Karakhanids |
Tabriz | Iran (Safavid Dynasty) | 1501 | 1548 | moved to Qazvin |
Qazvin | Iran (Safavid Dynasty) | 1548 | 1598 | moved to Isfahan |
Isfahan | Iran (Safavid Dynasty) | 1598 | 1736 | moved to Mashhad |
Mashhad | Iran {Afsharid dynasty) | 1736 | 1750 | moved to Shiraz |
Shiraz | Iran (Zand dynasty) | 1750 | 1794 | moved to Tehran in the Qajar dynasty |
Hill of Tara | Ireland (under the High Kings | 6th century | 12th century | Ireland conquered by England |
Hebron | Israel, Kingdom of | c.1007 BC | c.1000 BC | moved to Jerusalem when the kingdom is reunited under King David |
Tel Aviv | Israel, State of | May 1948 | Dec 1948 | moved to Jerusalem after 1948 Arab-Israeli War because Jerusalem was under siege. |
Florence | Italy | 1865 | 1871 | moved to Rome |
Spanish Town | Jamaica | 1534 | 1872 | moved to Kingston |
Heijo-kyo (Nara) | Japan (Nara Period) | 710 | 784 | moved to Nagaoka-kyo (Nagaoka) |
Nagaoka-kyo (Nagaoka) | Japan (Nara Period) | 784 | 794 | moved to Kyoto |
Kyoto | Japan | 794 | 1868 | moved to Tokyo (see also: Capital of Japan) |
Acre | Jerusalem, Kingdom of | 1187 | 1291 | Kingdom ceases to exist |
Njimi | Kanem | fl. 11th Century | c.1396 | lost to Bulala invaders (eventually moved to Ngazargamu) |
Ngazargamu | Kanem-Bornu Empire | c.1472 | 1808 | lost to Fulani invaders (eventually moved to Kukawa) |
Kukawa | Kanem-Bornu Empire | 1814 | 1893 | Kingdom ceases to exist |
Alma-Ata | Kazakhstan | 1992 | 1993 | renamed Almaty |
Kaunas | Lithuania | 1922 | 1940 | moved back to Vilnius |
Mdina | Malta | 1566 | moved to Valletta | |
Czersk | Masovia | 1313 | 1413 | moved to Warsaw |
Modena | Modena, Duchy of | 1452 | 1860 | became part of united Italy |
Iaşi | Moldavia | 1351 | 1862 | unified with Wallachia to form Romania |
Cetinje | Montenegro | 1482 | 1946 | moved to Podgorica |
Yangon | Myanmar | 1948 | 2005 | moved to Naypyidaw |
Bacolod | Federal Republic of Negros | 1898 | 1899 | absorbed by the Philippines. |
St. John's | Newfoundland | 1855 | 1949 | entered confederation with Canada |
Russell | New Zealand | 1840 | 1841 | moved to Auckland |
Auckland | New Zealand | 1841 | 1865 | moved to Wellington |
Lagos | Nigeria | 1914 | 1976 | moved to Abuja |
Trondheim | Norway | 997 | 1070 | moved to Bergen |
Bergen | Norway | 1070 | 1299 | moved to Oslo |
Christiania | Norway | 1624 | 1924 | renamed Oslo |
Bursa | Ottoman empire | 1335 | 1365 | moved to Edirne |
Edirne | Ottoman empire | 1365 | 1453 | moved to Istanbul (Constantinople) |
Rawalpindi | Pakistan | 1959 | 1967 | moved to Islamabad |
Heidelberg | Palatinate | 14th century | 1720 | moved to Mannheim |
Mannheim | Palatinate | 1720 | 1777 | Palatinate inherited by the Electors of Bavaria. |
Parma | Parma, Duchy of | 1545 | 1860 | Became part of united Italy. |
Cebu City | Philippines | 1562 (?) | 1578 (?) | First Spanish settlement in the country. Moved to Manila (Formerly Maynilad) after capture. |
Malolos | Philippines | 1898 | 1899 | |
Quezon City | Philippines | 1948 | 1976 | |
Gniezno | Poland | 10th century | 1038 | moved to Krakow |
Płock | Poland | 1079 | 1138 | moved to Kraków |
Poznań | Poland | 1290 | 1296 | moved to Krakow |
Kraków | Poland | 1296 | 1596 | moved to Warsaw |
Lublin | Poland | 1944 | 1945 | de facto capital |
Łódź | Poland | 1945 | 1947 | de facto capital |
Guimarães | Portugal | 1095 | 1131 | moved to Coimbra |
Coimbra | Portugal | 1131 | 1255 | moved to Lisbon |
Rio de Janeiro | Portugal | 1808 | 1821 | moved to Lisbon |
Vladimir | Russia (Vladimir-Suzdal) | 1169 | 1327 | moved to Moscow |
Yaroslavl | Russia (Muscovite) | 1611 | 1612 | de facto |
Dariyah | Saudi Arabia | 1744 | 1818 | moved to Riyadh after the Turks destroyed the city |
Dresden | Saxony | 1485 | 1918 | Saxony became part of the German Empire in 1871, and Saxony lost its independence fully in 1918. Dresden remains the capital of the German state of Saxony. |
Perth | Scotland | 846 | 1452 | moved to Edinburgh |
Tulaghi | Solomon Islands | 1896 | 1942 | moved to Honiara |
Aden | South Yemen | 1967 | 1990 | San'a, country ceased to exist after unification of Yemen |
Valladolid | Spain | 1600 | 1606 | moved to Madrid |
Aarau | Switzerland (Helvetic Republic) | 1798 | 1798 | moved to Lucerne |
Lucerne | Switzerland (Helvetic Republic) | 1798 | 1803 | Helvetic Republic abolished |
Valencia | Spain | 1936 | 1939 | Government of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War |
Columbia, Texas | Republic of Texas | 1836 | 1837 | moved to Houston, Texas |
Austin, Texas | Republic of Texas | 1839 | 1845 | Texas annexed by United States |
Ayutthaya | Thailand | 1350 | 1767 | moved to Thonburi after the Burmese destroyed the city |
Thonburi | Thailand | 1767 | 1782 | moved to Bangkok after King Taksin was declared mad |
Aneho | Togo | 1880s | 1897 | moved to Lomé |
Trieste | Trieste, Free Territory of | 1947 | 1954 | Territory dissolved, integrated into Italy and Yugoslavia |
San Jose de Oruña | Trinidad | 1592 | 1783 | moved to Port of Spain |
Naples | Kingdom of the Two Sicilies | 1816 | 1861 | became part of unified Italy |
Chyhyryn | Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate) | 1648 | 1669 | moved to Baturyn |
Hlukhiv | Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate) | 1727 | 1734 | Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty |
Baturyn | Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate) | 1750 | 1764 | Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty |
Kharkiv | Ukraine (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) | 1919 | 1934 | moved to Kyiv (Kiev) |
Lancaster, Pennsylvania | United States | 1777 | 1777 | moved to York after one day |
York, Pennsylvania | United States | 1777 | 1778 | moved back to Philadelphia |
Princeton | United States | 1783 | 1783 | moved to Annapolis |
Annapolis | United States | 1783 | 1784 | moved to Trenton |
Trenton | United States | 1784 | 1785 | moved to New York |
Samarkand | Uzbekistan (SSR) | 1925 | 1930 | moved to Tashkent |
Venice | Venice, Republic of | fl. 9th century | 1797 | annexed by Austria |
Machynlleth | Wales | 1404 | 1416 | seat of Owain Glyndŵr's parliament until was Wales was annexed by England - capital moved to Cardiff in 1955 |
Câmpulung | Wallachia | fl.13th Century | fl.15th Century | moved to Târgovişte |
Târgovişte | Wallachia | 1396 | 1698 | moved to Bucharest |
Taiz | Yemen | 1948 | 1962 | moved to San'a |
Mérida | Yucatán | 1840 | 1847 | reunited with Mexico |