Reichsstatthalter
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Reichsstatthalter is a German style of governorship, meaning Statthalter ('Lieutenant', i.e. governing 'deputy'; see that article for the Austrian counterpart and Stadtholder for Dutch and Scandinavian) in the name of the Reich (empire), which was used in the following historical contexts:
[edit] Second German Empire
- in Elsaß-Lothringen, which before had one Oberpräsident 1 September 1871 - 30 September 1879 since it was signed over by France:
- 1 October 1879 - 17 June 1885 Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel (b. 1809 - d. 1885)
- 17 June 1885 - 5 October 1885 .... (acting)
- 5 October 1885 - 1894 Chlodwig Karl Viktor Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (b. 1819 - d. 1901)
- October 1894 - 31 October 1907 Hermann Ernst Franz Fürst von Hohenlohe-Langenburg und Graf von Gleichen (b. 1832 - d. 1913)
- 1 November 1907 - 1914 Karl Leo Julius Graf von Wedel (b. 1842 - d. 1919)
- 1 May 1914 - 1918 Nikolaus Michael Louis Johann "Hans" von Dallwitz (b. 1855 - d. 1919)
- 14 October 1918 - 21 November 1918 Rudolf Schwander (b. 1868 - d. 1950)
[edit] Nazi Third Reich
In fact since 1933 (end of the Weimar republic), in various constitutive states of Germany (in several cases after a transitional Reichskommissar*):
- Freistaat Anhalt
- Republic of Baden
- Freistaat Bayern
- Free City of Bremen
- Braunschweig
- Hanseatic city of Hamburg
- Volksstaat Hessen
- Freistaat Lippe-Detmold
- Free City of Lübeck
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
- Freistaat Oldenburg
- Freistaat Preußen (i.e. the former imperial home-state, Prussia; Hitler in person)
- Freistaat Sachsen
- Freistaat Schamburg-Lippe
- Thüringen
- Volksstaat Würtemberg
- ?the official governor of a Reichsgau; real political power lay with the party office (some cumulated both) of Gauleiter
- the Reichsstatthalter in der Westmark, sui generis, in Saarland
- Austria's last pre-war Kanzler became also its first Reichsstatthalter: 15 March 1938 - 30 April 1939 Arthur Seyss-Inquart (b. 1892 - d. 1946; NSDAP; also Führer der Österreichischen Landesregierung), be it most of his term besides an Reichskommissar für die Wiedervereiningung Österreichs mit dem Deutschen Reich 'Imperial Commissioner for Reunification of Austria with the German Reich' (23 April 1938 - 31 March 1940 Josef Bürckel, b. 1895 - d. 1944, NSDAP); next each constitutive Land (some differences in borders- thus Burgenland was partitioned away) got its own Reichsstatthalter, generally the last Premier:
- Kärnten (Carinthia):
- 1 April 1940 - 27 November 1941 Wladimir von Pawlowski (b. 1891 - d. 1961) NSDAP
- 27 November 1941 - 7 May 1945 Friedrich Rainer (b. 1903 - d. 1947) NSDAP (from April 1941, Head of the Civil Government of Lower Carinthia and Upper Carniola; from 10 September 1943, also Special Commissioner for the Adriatisches Küstenland, i.e. the North Adriatic Littoral
- Niederösterreich (Lower Austria): 1 April 1940 - 8 May 1945 Hugo Jury (b. 1887 - d. 1945)
- Oberösterreich (Upper Austria): 1 April 1940 - 5 May 1945 August Eigruber (b. 1907 - d. 1946)
- Salzburg:
- 1 April 1940 - 29 November 1941 Friedrich Rainer (b. 1903 - d. 1947) NSDAP
- 29 November 1941 - 4 May 1945 Gustav Adolf Scheel (b. 1907 - d. 1979) NSDAP
- Tirol: 1 April 1940 - 3 May 1945 Franz Hofer (b. 1902 - d. 1975) NSDAP (from 10 September 1943, also Special Commissioner for the Alpenvorland 'Alpine Foothills', i.e. Italian South Tyrol- Belluno, Bozen (Bolzano) and Trentino which had been integrated into Tyrol)
- Wien (Vienna):
- 1 April 1940 - 10 August 1940 Josef Bürckel (b. 1895 - d. 1944) NSDAP, the previous Reichskommissar
- 10 August 1940 - 12 April 1945 Baldur von Schirach (b. 1907 - d. 1974) NSDAP
- Kärnten (Carinthia):
