Reginald Edward Stubbs
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Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs (Chinese Translated Name 司徒拔) (1876 - 1947) was a British colonial governor, who was once the Governor of Hong Kong. He disgraced himself while Governor of Ceylon over the Bracegirdle Incident.
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[edit] Early life and education
Reginald Edward Stubbs was born on 13 October 1876, the son of William Stubbs, a historian and bishop of Chester and Oxford, consecutively. He was educated at Radley and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He obtained first class honours in Lit. Hum. in 1899.
[edit] Early Colonial Services
He entered Colonial Office in 1900 as a second-class clerk, eventually serving as acting first class clerk from 1907 to 1910, when he became a permanent 1st class clerk. In that same year, Stubbs was sent on a special mission to Malay Peninsula and Hong Kong. He was a member of West Afican Lands Committee in 1912, and became a colonial secretary of Ceylon in from 1913 to 1919.
[edit] Governor of Hong Kong
He was appointed Hong Kong Governor in 1919, a position he served until 1925. Beginning from his governorship, the Chinese translated names of British Governors are made to look more like real life Chinese names.
During Stubb's tenure, strikes were frequent, thus harming the Hong Kong economy in the process. In 1922, seamen went on strike in Hong Kong, followed by a large strike that involved workers in Hong Kong and Canton. The strikers demanded the annulment of the "Unequal Treaties" (Treaty of Nanking, Treaty of Peking, and New Territories Land Lease Agreement, which, altogether, allowed British control of Hong Kong). The strikers also demanded better treatment of Chinese labourers on Hong Kong.
At first, Stubbs tried to suppress the strikers with legal and forceful means, but the efforts backfired, and caused an exodus of more than 100,000 Chinese labourers to China. This further damaged the economy, and Stubbs left Hong Kong in 1925.
Stubbs received a M.A. during his tenure, in 1920.
[edit] Post-Governorship
After his stormy tenure as Governor of Hong Kong, Stubbs was made Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Jamaica a year later, in 1926. He would hold this position until 1932, when he was appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Cyprus. He would serve in this position until 1933.
[edit] Governorship of Ceylon and the Bracegirdle Incident
In 1933 Stubbs was appointed to his last position in the Colonial Service: Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
In 1937, he was prevailed upon by the White planters to became involved in an illegal attempt to deport Mark Anthony Bracegirdle, an Australian planter who had gone over to the side of the workers and joined the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP). Bracegirdle was served with the order of deportation on 22 April and given 48 hours to leave, but he defied the order, going into hiding instead. The Colonial Government began a man-hunt, but was unsuccessful. The LSSP started a campaign to defend him. At that year's May Day rally at Price Park, Colombo placards declaring 'We want Bracegirdle – Deport Stubbs' were displayed, and a resolution was passed condemning Stubbs, demanding his removal and the withdrawal of the deportation order.
On 5 May, in the State Council, the LSSP members Dr N.M. Perera and Philip Gunawardena moved a vote of censure on the Governor for having ordered the deportation of Bracegirdle without the advice of the acting Home Minister. Even the Board of Ministers had started feeling the heat of public opinion and the vote was passed by 34 votes to 7.
On the same day there was a 50,000-strong rally at Galle Face Green, which was addressed by Dr N.M. Perera, Philip Gunawardena, and S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, condemning Stubbs. Bracegirdle made a dramatic appearance on the platform at this rally, but the police were powerless to arrest him. They managed to arrest him a couple of days later, but a writ of habeas corpus was served and the case was called before a bench of three Supreme Court judges presided over by Chief Justice Sir Sidney Abrahams. The brilliant H.V. Perera, the county's leading civil lawyer, volunteered his services free on behalf of Bracegirdle; he was made a Queens Counsel (QC) on the day that Bracegirdle appeared in court. On 18 May order was made that he could not be deported for exercising his right to free speech, and Bracegirdle was a free man.
Stubbs retired shortly afterwards.
[edit] Retirement
A year after his retirement, Stubbs became the vice-chairman of West India Royal Commission (until 1939) and Chairman of Northern Division Appellate Tribunal for Conscientious Objectors from 1941 to 1947.
[edit] Personal life
Stubbs married Lady Marjory Stubbs in 1909. The couple had two sons and one daughter. Stubbs himself died on 7 December 1947.
[edit] Honours
- CMG, 1914
- KCMG, 1919
- GCMG, 1928
- Honorary Fellow, Corpus Christi College, 1926
- Hon. LL.D., Hong Kong, 1926
[edit] Places and things named after him
- Stubbs Road in the Happy Valley mid-levels on Hong Kong Island was named after him.
- The Sri Lankan boxing award, the Stubbs Shield, is named after him.
[edit] See also
| Preceded by Claud Severn, Acting Administrator |
16th Governor of Hong Kong 30 September 1919 - 19 March 1925 |
Succeeded by Claud Severn, Acting Administrator |
| Preceded by Brig. Sir Samuel Herbert Wilson |
Governor of Jamaica 1926 - 1932 |
Succeeded by Sir Alexander Ransford Slater |
| Preceded by Sir Ronald Storrs |
Governor of Cyprus 1932 - 1933 |
Succeeded by Sir Herbert Richmond Palmer |
| Preceded by Sir Grame Thompson |
Governor of Ceylon 1933 - 1937 |
Succeeded by Sir Andrew Caldecott |
