Rafael Cepeda
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Rafael Cepeda Atiles a.k.a. "The Patriarch of the Bomba and Plena" (July 10, 1910 – July 21, 1996) born in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan, Puerto Rico, was the patriarch of the Cepeda family, known internationally as the exponents of Puerto Rican-African folk music.
Cepeda who was born to Modesto Cepeda and Leonor Atiles, was raised and educated in San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico. He attended San Augustin Catholic School until the 8th grade. Cepeda was born into a family who have passed the traditional dances of the Bomba and Plena from generation to generation. According to Cepeda, he was born while his mother Leonor was in the middle of a Bomba dance. After Cepeda finished 8th grade he took up amateur boxing and worked as a carpenter. During his free time he continued to practice dancing the Bomba and Plena.
The Bomba is a music, rhythm and dance that was brought to Puerto Rico by the West African slaves. The Plena is another form of folkloric music of Puerto Rico of African origin.
In 1932, Cepeda married Caridad Brenes Caballero, a Bomba and Plena dancer. Together they had ten children. Cepeda decided to form a folkloric dance group with the help of his wife Caridad who would be the groups choreographer and the designer of the traditional custumes. In 1940, his first group, called "ABC", made their artistic debut in the local radio show of Rafael Quiñones Vidal "Tribuna del Arte" (Art Tribune).
In 1957, Cepeda formed a second folkloric group which he called "Grupo Folklorico Trapiche". This group held shows in all of the major hotels of the island and participated in the following three movies: "Carnaval en Puerto Rico" (1961) (Carnival in Puerto Rico), "Felicia" (1963) and "Mientras Puerto Rico duerme" (1964) (While Puerto Rico sleeps). In 1973, members of the family which included his children, formed the "Ballet Folklorico de la familia Cepeda" (The Folkloric Ballet of the Cepeda Family). This new group gained international fame and participated in the 1975 film "Mi Aventura en Puerto Rico" (My Adventure in Puerto Rico). The group which became a Puerto Rican institution, has made presentations in the United States, South and Central America, Europe and Asia. The Government of Puerto Rico named Cepeda "The Patriarch of the Bomba and Plena" in recognition of his contributions to the islands African musical culture.
Cepeda wrote and recorded over 500 pieces. Among those are the following:
- El Bombon de Elena
- A Bailar Bambule
- Madam Calalú
- Mofongo Pelaó
- Habla Cuembé
- A la Verdegué
- Juan José
- Santígualo
- Bambulaé seá Allá
- Mi Goleta
- Mi Caela
- El Chivo
- Sobina Santos
- En Prueba de su Amistad
- Guaguaracengo
- La Negra Toto
- Vira Más
- Cuando el Negro se Alzó
- Lero de mi Lero
- Conde Kirico
- Candelario Alomar
- Ana Celía
- Anaízo
- Candela
- Zumbador
and many more.
In 1977, Modesto Cepeda, son of Rafael, founded the Rafael Cepeda Atiles School of Bomba and Plena. The school teachs the youth of Puerto Rico the fundamentals of the traditional dances.
Among the many awards and recognitions bestowed upon Rafael Cepeda are the following:
- 1983, The National Endowment for the Arts of the Smithsonian Institute, in Washington, DC, awarded Cepeda with the National Heritage Fellowship Award.
- Certificate of recognition from the then President of the United States Ronald Reagan.
Cepeda's wife Caridad died on February 25, 1994. Rafael Cepeda died from a heart attack on July 21, 1996 in the city of Carolina, Puerto Rico. He was buried with his wife in the Cemetery of Villas Palmeras which now bares his name.
Jesus Manuel Cepeda, son of Rafael founded the Cultural Folkloric Fundation Rafael Cepeda {Fundacion Folklorica Cultural Rafael Cepeda}. In 1997, the family inaugurated The House Museum Rafael Cepeda. In his honor the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture established the Rafael Cepeda Festival of Bomba and Plena which is annually celebrated in San Juan.
