RAF East Wretham
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RAF East Wretham is a former World War II airfield in England. The field is located near East Wretham 6 miles NE of Thetford in Norfolk.
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[edit] RAF use
East Wretham airfield was hurriedly brought into service during the early years of World War II with No. 311 (Czech) Squadron transferring from RAF Honington on 29 July 1940. The squadron operated from the airfield until April 1942. Later, RAF Bomber Command No. 115 Squadron RAF, operating Vickers Wellington Mk llls and later Avro Lancasters, occupied the airfield from November 1942 until the USAAF took over in 1943.
[edit] USAAF use
East Wretham was assigned USAAF designation Station 133.
[edit] 359th Fighter Group
The airfield was opened in October 1943 and was first used by the United States Army Air Force Eighth Air Force 359th Fighter Group, Westover AAF Massachusetts. The group was under the command of the 67th Fighter Wing of the VIII Fighter Command. Aircraft of the 359th were identified by green around their cowlings and tails.
The group consisted of the following squadrons:
- 368th Fighter Squadron (CV)
- 369th Fighter Squadron (IV)
- 370th Fighter Squadron (CS)
The 359th FG entered combat in mid-December 1943 after some of the pilots had already flown combat missions with another fighter group. Began operations with P-47's, later converting to P-51's in April 1944. In combat the group flew escort, patrol, strafing, dive-bombing, and weather-reconnaissance missions. At first, engaged primarily in escort activities to cover B-17/B-24 bombers that attacked airfields in France, and later expanded their area of operations to provide escort for bombers that struck rail centers in Germany and oil targets in Poland.
The group supported the invasion of Normandy during June 1944 by patrolling the English Channel, escorting bombardment formations to the French coast, and dive-bombing and strafing bridges, locomotives, and rail lines near the battle area.
During the period July 1944 - February 1945, the group engaged chiefly in escorting bombers to oil refineries, marshalling yards, and other targets in such cities as Ludwigshafen, Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Berlin, Merseburg, and Brux. The 359th FG received a Distinguished Unit Citation for operations over Germany on 11 September 1944 when the group protected a formation of heavy bombers against large numbers of enemy fighters.
In addition to its escort duties, the 359th supported campaigns in France during July and August 1944, bombed enemy positions to support the airborne invasion of Holland in September, and participated in the Battle of the Bulge (Dec 1944-Jan 1945). The group flew missions to support the assault across the Rhine in March 1945, and escorted medium bombers that attacked various communications targets, Feb-Apr 1945.
The 359th Bomb Group returned to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey and was inactivated on 10 November 1945.
[edit] Postwar use
Initially after the war ended, the field was used by the RAF as a Polish resettlement camp. With the refugees resettled by 1946, East Wretham was closed as an active airfield and became part of the British Army's Stanford Practical Training Area. This huge training area in Norfolk has facilities for the live tiring of artillery, mortars, anti-tank and machine guns as well as for dry training and bivouacking. Tanks are used during restricted periods from July to September. There are also facilities for parachuting, air-to-ground attacks and other training involving aircraft.
Many of the original World War II airfield buildings still stand, including one of the T2 hangars.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Freeman, Roger A., Airfields Of The Eighth, Then And Now, 1978
- www.controltowers.co.uk East Wretham
- 359th Fighter Group on www.littlefriends.co.uk
- mighty8thaf.preller.us East Wretham
- Maurer Maurer, Air Force Combat Units Of World War II, Office of Air Force History, 1983
- USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present
