Radiotelevizija Slovenija
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Radiotelevizija Slovenija or RTV Slovenija (English: Radio-Television Slovenia or, more commonly, RTV Slovenia) is the national public broadcasting organization of Slovenia. It is based in Ljubljana, with regional broadcasting centres in Koper and Maribor and correspondents around Slovenia, Europe and the World. It was established on October 28, 1928 as Radio Ljubljana, and launched a television service in 1958. RTV Slovenija's national radio services operate under the name Radio Slovenija, while the television division carries the name Televizija Slovenija or TV Slovenija. Sometimes, the names are anglicized to Radio Slovenia and TV Slovenia, respectively.
The legal foundation for the institution is the Law on RTV Slovenia (Slovenian: Zakon o RTV Slovenija). It is the only network in Slovenia with both radio and television stations. The law also requires it to air radio and television services for both indigenous minorities, which is done with the help of the regional broadcasting centres (Maribor for the Hungarian minority, Koper for the Italian minority). Approximately 73% of RTV Slovenia's funding comes from television licence fees [1].
Recently, RTV Slovenia has been increasingly active online, especially after a new multimedia portal has been introduced in 2002. The portal includes regular news updates, broadcast archives and live transmissions of most services, both radio and television, online.
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[edit] History
Radio Ljubljana signed on the air for the first time on September 1, 1928, with experimental broadcasts. By October 28, the radio station already had a scheduled programme. On April 11, 1941, the station's transmitter in Domžale was destroyed and the station was occupied by Italian Fascists.
On April 1, 1949 the first TV laboratory was established in Ljubljana, but was separate from the radio station. However, the task of setting up a television service was eventually assigned to Radio Ljubljana. On November 28, 1958 the TV channel got a regular schedule, but it was shared by other Yugoslav republics, with TV Ljubljana getting around 30% of airtime. TV Ljubljana produced its first broadcast for Eurovision, showing ski jumping in Planica, in 1960. During that decade, the amount of programming produced exclusively for Slovenian audiences increased substantially. On April 15, 1968, the main evening newscast was broadcast in the Slovenian language for the first time. It had previously originated in Belgrade and was produced in Serbo-Croatian.
In 1971, TV Koper/Capodistria, a subsidiary of RTV Ljubljana, was launched as the first bilingual TV station in Slovenia, serving the Italian community in Slovenia and Croatia. However, it enjoyed huge popularity in many parts of Italy. There, RAI still had a monopoly on television, so many Italians eagerly tuned into the new Yugoslav station, which broadcast mostly in color. Private companies built transmitters and translators in various parts of Italy that made TV Koper-Capodistria (generally known as "Telecapodistria" in Italy) available to millions of Italians. Because the station used the PAL color standard, Italians bought PAL TV sets in large numbers, ending the hopes of the French government that Italy might adopt its SECAM system instead. With the advent of privately owned, purely commercial television in Italy, the station's popularity eventually began to diminish.
During the 1970s, TV Ljubljana's main service was also gradually converted to color. In 1984, teletext was introduced, while in 1989, Radio Ljubljana started transmitting an RDS signal.
At first, TV Ljubljana's second television network primarily relayed programs from other Yugoslav television stations. In the late 1980s, however, the percentage of TV Ljubljana's own programs on the second network increased dramatically.
A year before Slovenia's independence in 1991, the institution was renamed to Radiotelevizija Slovenija (from RTV Ljubljana). On January 1, 1993, RTV Slovenia was admitted as a full active member of the European Broadcasting Union following the collapse of Yugoslavia.
In the mid- to late 1990s, TV Slovenia began to face increased competition from Slovenia's commercial television stations. The public broadcaster's specific role is still being debated, and overstaffing is widely considered to be a serious problem.
In 2001, RTV Slovenia's Multimedia Centre was established to help introduce new technologies.
RTV Slovenia also finances its own symphony orchestra: Simfonični orkester RTV Slovenija (since 1956) and a big band: Big Band RTV Slovenija.
[edit] Radio services
There are 3 national and 4 regional radio services. Except for MMR, they can all be heard online as well.
[edit] National
RTV Slovenia's national radio networks are based in Ljubljana and broadcast in Slovenian. They can be heard throughout Slovenia.
- A1 (first network): A traditional service with a variety of specialized broadcasts, reportages, newscasts, and a wide range of music
- Val 202 (second network): A more populist service with an emphasis on pop music, newscasts and news updates, talk segments, lifestyle reports, and live sports coverage
- ARS (third network): A cultural service dominated by classical music, radio drama, and other highbrow programming
[edit] Regional
RTV Slovenia's regional radio stations are based in regional RTV centres, and broadcast in Slovenian and/or the languages of the indigenous minorities in the area. They can be heard only in their own regions.
The stations are:
- Radio Koper (in Slovenian, based in Koper, received in the Slovenian Littoral)
- Radio Capodistria (in Italian, based in Koper, received in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Slovenian Littoral, and Istria)
- Radio Maribor (in Slovenian, based in Maribor, received in Northeastern Slovenia)
- MMR - Pomurski madžarski radio (Hungarian: Muravidéki Magyar Rádió) (broadcasting in Hungarian, based in RTV Maribor's Lendava studio, received in Prekmurje)
[edit] Other
Other radio services:
- Radio Slovenia International (RSi; in English and German, based in Maribor, heard in various places around Slovenia and southeastern Austria; for expatriates, tourists, English-speaking Slovenians, and foreigners)
[edit] Television services
RTV Slovenia operates two national and two regional television services. Only TV Slovenija 1 and TV Koper/Capodistria can be watched online.
[edit] National
RTV Slovenia's national television networks can be watched all over Slovenia and are based in Ljubljana. They are broadcast in Slovenian.
- TV Slovenija 1: A general-interest television service with newscasts, feature films, documentaries, sitcoms, talk shows, series, children's programming, variety shows, and live coverage of significant national events
- TV Slovenija 2: A more specialized service with programs generally aimed at narrower audiences, a wide range of live sports coverage, but virtually no news
[edit] Regional
Each of the regional RTV centres has its own television facilities. While TV Koper/Capodistria is bilingual (Italian and Slovenian), the Hungarian public has no regional station, but has regular broadcasts on TV Slovenija 1.
The regional stations are:
- TV Koper/Capodistria (in Slovenian and Italian, based in Koper, received in Primorska, Istria, and parts of Friuli-Venezia Giulia via a terrestrial signal, and throughout Slovenia via cable)
- Tele M (in Slovenian, based in Maribor, received in Northeastern Slovenia)
