R-SMAD
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R-Smads or receptor regulated Smads are a class of proteins that include SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD5, and SMAD9.
In response to signals by the TGF-β superfamily of ligands these proteins associate with receptor kinases and are phosphorylated at an SSXS motif at their extreme C-terminus. These proteins then typically bind to the common mediator Smad or co-SMAD SMAD4.
Smad complexes then accumulate in the cell nucleus where they regulate transcription of specific target genes:
- SMAD2 and SMAD3 are activated in response to TGF-β or Activin signals.
- SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD9 are activated in response to BMP or bone morphogenetic protein signals.
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CAP - CAR - CBF - E2F - KlF - Nanog - NF-kB - Oct-4 - P300/CBP - PIT-1 - Rho/Sigma - R-SMAD - Sox2 - Sp1 - STAT (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5)
Basic-helix-loop-helix: AhR - HIF - MYC - MyoD - Myogenin - Twist
Basic leucine zipper: C/EBP - CREB - AP-1
Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper: MITF - SREBP
Steroid hormone receptors
Type I: Glucocorticoid - Mineralocorticoid - Sex hormone (Androgen, Estrogen, Progesterone)
Type II: Calcitriol - Retinoid (RAR, RXR) - Thyroid hormone
TGF beta superfamily of ligands:
Activin A and B - Anti-müllerian hormone - Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP8a, BMP8b, BMP10 , BMP15) - Growth differentiation factors (GDF1, GDF2, GDF3, GDF5, GDF6, GDF7, GDF9, GDF10, GDF11, GDF15) - Inhibin A and B - Myostatin - Nodal - TGF beta family (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3)
Type II receptors:ACVR2A - ACVR2B - AMHR2 - BMPR2 - TGFBR2 - TGFBR3
Type I receptors: ACVR1A - ACVR1B - ACVR1C - ACVRL1 - BMPR1A - BMPR1B - TGFBR1
Signal transducers/SMAD: R-SMAD (SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD5, SMAD9) - I-SMAD (SMAD6, SMAD7) - SMAD4
Ligand Inhibitors: Cerberus - Chordin - DAN - Decorin - Follistatin - Gremlin - Lefty - LTBP1 - Noggin - THBS1
